以比较优势作为南南合作互利共赢的指南

Comparative Advantage to Guide South-South Cooperation and Development

本文首先介绍我们合著的《超越发展援助》一书的一些主要观点,以结构转型为焦点,强调我国的三大比较优势及一大潜在比较优势,指出南南发展合作不仅提供了融资,还提供了发展思路、理论和思想。基于新结构经济学总结出诸如"增长甄别因势利导"(GIF)这样的具体方法,以比较优势来甄别目标国家和目标行业,帮助东道国合作伙伴进行产业升级。随后针对南南合作中存在的问题提出应对的建议:以比较优势为指南去甄别东道国/发展伙伴具有潜在比较优势的部门,有针对性地发展基础设施,建立工业园区,创造就业,促进增长,扩大税收,增加出口,实现"早期收获",避免对东道国的财政和债务可持续造成问题。

This paper first summarizes the main themes in our co-authored book Going Beyond Aid(Lin and Wang 2017)including three major comparative advantages and one latent comparative advantage,which are the sources of mutual benefit.We show that China provides not only financing but also development ideas,theories and methods.The“Growth Identification and Facilitation”(GIF)framework,based on New Structural Economics,demonstrates how developing countries can identify“target countries”and“target sectors”,guided by comparative advantages,to upgrade their industries.We then make suggestions in responding to some of the problems in South-South Cooperation:utilizing the comparative advantage as a guide to target the development efforts,establishing industrial parks,generating jobs,growth,fiscal revenues and exports,in order to achieve“early harvest”and avoid the potential issues of debt sustainability in the host countries.