中国老年人居住意愿满足程度及其影响因素

Concordance of the Preferred and the Actual Living Arrangements among Chinese Elderly and Its Influencing Factors

文章利用2005和2014年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据,研究老年人居住意愿满足程度及其影响因素和影响程度的变化。研究发现,虽然中国老年人与子女同住仍是主流,但占比不断下降;老年人住非所愿的比例上升。老年人居住意愿满足程度受自理能力、子女的经济支持、地区经济发展和城市化水平的影响。具体表现为:(1)年龄大、有配偶、子女多、生活能自理、态度积极、有自有住房、农村居住、所在省份人均GDP高和城市化率低的老年人更容易实现独立居住的意愿;且子女数量、有子女经济支持、人均GDP对该意愿满足程度的影响显著增加,而城市化率的影响显著下降。(2)年龄小、无配偶、生活不能自理、态度积极、经济状况自评好、无自有住房、城镇的老年人,更容易实现与子女同住的意愿;且有配偶、生活自理、患有慢性病、人均GDP对该意愿满足程度的影响显著增加,农村居民、城市化率对该意愿满足程度的影响在下降。(3)无配偶、有慢性病、有子女经济支持、城镇老年人更易实现住养老机构的意愿,且农村老年人越来越难实现该意愿。

Based on the data of 2005 and 2014 CLHLS,this paper studies the concordance of preferred and actual living arrangements for Chinese elderly and its influencing factors.It finds that while living alone(with or without their spouses)increases,living with children declines over time but remains the mainstream.The proportion of the elderly living in unwilling arrangements increases.The concordance between preferred and actual living arrangements is affected by self independence,financial support from children,the level of economic development and urbanization.(1)The elderly who is older,with spouse,having more children,having self-care ability,positive in attitude,owning the housing,residing in rural areas,or living in provinces with higher GDP per capita and lower urbanization rate is more likely to have higher concordance of living alone.The impacts of number of children,financial support from children,and GDP per capita increase over time.On the contrary,the impact of urbanization declines.(2)The elderly who is younger,no spouse,no self-care ability,positive in attitude,good in self-assessed economic status,not owning the house,or residing in urban areas is more likely to have higher concordance in living with their children.The impacts of spouse,self-care ability,chronic diseases,GDP per capita increase over time.Yet,the impact of rural elderly and urbanization decreases.(3)The elderly without spouse,having chronic diseases,having financial support from children,or residing in urban areas is more likely to have higher concordance of living in institutions.It becomes harder for rural residents to have this concordance.