电磁学多普勒效应在高层大气探测中的应用

Application of electromagnetic Doppler effect in upper atmosphere detection

风是理解大气动力学行为、热力学性质和成分结构的一个关键参数,大气风场的探测已成为当今国际上的前沿科学和热门研究课题.高层大气(80～300 km)风场被动探测的基础理论是干涉成像技术和电磁波的多普勒效应.论文对气辉(极光)的形成、电磁波的多普勒效应和双光束干涉进行了解释;对通过探测目标气辉谱线的多普勒频移,获知大气风场的速度、温度和粒子辐射率的原理进行了论述;给出了由于频移量数值极小难以观测、进而将频移量的观测转换成对位相、干涉图观测的四强度探测理论.向读者展示了电磁学、光学的基本原理应用到当今高新科技中的巧妙与完美,启发对物理学基本知识应用和对科学家创新思维的联想和思考.

Wind is a key parameter for understanding the behavior of atmospheric dynamics,thermodynamic properties and compositional structure. The detection of atmospheric wind field has become the frontier science and popular research topic in the world now. The basic theory for the passive detection of wind fields in the upper atmosphere(80~300km) is the interference imaging technique and the Doppler effect of electromagnetic waves. The paper explains the formation of airglow (aurora),the Doppler effect of electromagnetic waves,and the two-beam interference. The principle of the speed of the atmospheric wind field,temperature and particle radiation are known by detecting the Doppler shift of the target air glow spectrum is discussed. The four-intensity detection theory is presented,in which the observation of frequency shift is converted into phase and interferogram observation because frequency shift is difficult to observe for its small value. It is shown that the ingenuity and perfection of the application of the fundamental principles of electromagnetism and optics in today’s high-technology,which will inspire the application of basic knowledge of physics and the association of the innovative thinking of scientists.