新疆枣棉间作下棉花光合特性及产量变化

Analysis of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton intercropping with Jujube in Xinjiang

为了解枣棉间作模式中棉花的光合特性及产量,通过在棉花的苗期、现蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期利用Li-6400光合仪测量单作、间作下棉花的光合特性,分析比较单作、间作产量及经济产值。结果表明:单作、间作光合特性差异在花铃期最大,间作棉花在花铃期净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)比单作棉花分别低31.33%、15.13%、22.39%,而胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)比单作棉花高8.90%;产量上间作棉花的收获株数、总成铃数、皮棉产量比单作棉花分别低28.26%、32.7%、41.61%;枣棉间作在土地利用率和总经济产值上具有明显优势,表现在枣棉间作模式提高了35%的土地利用率,比同面积单作棉花提高了41.27%的经济产值,比同面积单作枣树提高了30.63%的经济产值。枣棉间作下,间作对棉花光合的不利影响随着枣树和棉花的共进生长逐渐增大,间作造成棉花的减产,但是具有大幅提高土地利用率和经济效益的作用。

In order to understand the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton in intercropping system, the photosynthetic characteristics of cotton in sole-cropping and intercropping cotton-jujube were measured by using Li-6400 photosynthesis system at the seedling stage, squaring stage, flower and boll stage, and boll opening stage of cotton. Analysis of yield and economic output value of cotton in sole-cropping and intercropping cotton-jujube. The results showed that the most significant differences of photosynthetic characteristics between sole-cropping and intercropping were in flower and boll stages. The net photosynthetic rate ( Pn ), transpiration rate ( Tr ), and stomatal conductance ( Gs ) of intercropped cotton were 31.33%, 15.13%, and 22.39% lower than that of sole-cropping, respectively. The intercellular CO 2 concentration ( Ci ) of intercropped cotton was 8.90% higher than that of the sole-cropping. The yield of intercropped cotton on the harvest plants, number of bolls hectare, and lint yield were 28.26%, 32.7%, and 41.61% lower than that of the sole-cropping, respectively. In the land-use efficiency and the economic output value of cotton, intercropping had obvious advantages over sole-cropping. It showed that the jujube-cotton intercropping increased the land-use efficiency by 35% and increased the economic output value by 41.27% compared with that of the same area of sole cotton, and it increased the economic output value by 30.63% compared with that of the same area of sole jujube. In the jujube-cotton system the adverse effects of intercropping on photosynthesis increased with the growth of jujube and cotton, it reduced cotton yield but it greatly increased the land utilization ratio and economic return.