蒙古红鲌形态特征及其两种同工酶的电泳分析

Morphological characteristics and electrophoretic analysis of two kinds of isozymes in Erythroculter mongolicus

【目的】从形态特征和生化遗传两个角度丰富蒙古红鲌(Erythroculter mongolicus)种质资源的研究内容,筛选出蒙古红鲌的特征生化遗传参数,为其种质标准制定、种质资源保护及良种选育提供理论依据。【方法】采用传统形态学方法测定蒙古红鲌的可数和可量性状,并结合聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)检测蒙古红鲌心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肾脏及肝脏等5种组织中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的表达情况。【结果】蒙古红鲌的主要形态特征:头部背面平坦,口端位,下颌略比上颌长;腹棱自腹鳍基部至肛门;身体上半部浅棕色、下部银白色,胸腹鳍浅黄色,尾鳍下叶鲜红色;鳍式为背鳍D.ⅲ-7和臀鳍A.ⅲ-19～22;齿式为2·4·5(4)/5(4)·4·2或2·4·4/5·3·2:左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数为18～20。从蒙古红鲌心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肾脏和肝脏组织中均能检测到LDH和MDH,但不同组织中的酶带数目和活性各不同,呈明显的组织特异性,其中,LDH酶带条数分别为6、6、6、7和8条,MDH酶带条数分别为3、3、5、5和4条。各样本蒙古红鲌眼睛晶状体的LDH酶带数及其活性基本相同,均呈单态,表达稳定,且分离效果好。【结论】LDH和MDH在蒙古红鲌体内分布较广泛,且具有组织特异性,其中眼睛晶状体LDH表达丰富且活性稳定,可作为鉴定蒙古红鲌种质的特征生化遗传参数。

【Objective】This paper aimed to enrich the research on the morphological and biochemical genetics characteristics of Erythroculter mongolicus and to screen out the biochemical genetic markers of E. mongolicus so as to provide theoretical basis for the germplasm standard formulation,protection and breeding.【Method】The countable and measurable properties of the experimental fish were measured with traditional morphological methods. By using the vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and malate dehydrogenase(MDH)expressed in five tissues(heart,lens of eye,muscle,kidney and liver)from the E. mongolicus were detected.【Result】The results showed several main morphological characteristics as follows. The dorsum and head were straight and flat with a mouth locating at the foremost part of the head where an underjaw that protruded the upper jaw. The ventral edge was from the base of the abdominal fin to the anus. Color of the top half of the body was light brown and the lower half was silver white. In addition,the pectoral and abdominal fins were light yellow and the lower caudal fin was bright red. Furthermore,the dorsal fin formula was D.ⅲ-7 and anal fin A.ⅲ-19-22.The dental formula was 2·4·5(4)/5(4)·4·2 or 2·4·4/5·3·2 while the number of outer gill racker on the left first gill arch was 18-20. Both LDH and MDH were detected in the five tissues (heart,lens of eye,muscle,kidney and liver)from the E. mongolicus,but the band numbers and activities of the isozymes expressed in different tissues were different which presented tissue specificity. The band numbers of LDH isozymes expressed in heart,lens of eye,muscle,kidney and liver were 6,6,6,7 and 8 respectively and MDH isozymes 3,3, 5,5 and 4 respectively. The band numbers and activity of LDH expressed in the lens of eyes from all the samples were basically the same,which showed monomorphic,good separation and expressed stably.【Conclusion】LDH and MDH distribute widely in E. mongolicus and present tissue specificity. LDH isozymes expressed in lens of eyes is diverse and stable, and can be used as the biochemical genetic marker of E. mongolicus.