家有一老,如有一宝——老龄化背景下居住方式对子女劳动收入的影响研究

Is an Old a Treasure for the Family:The Effect of Living Arrangement on Children's Labor Income under the Background of Ageing

基于2010年、2012年、2014年和2016年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,采用Heckman两阶段模型,实证检验老龄化背景下居住方式对子女劳动收入的影响。研究结果表明,与老年父母同住对子女的劳动收入有显著的负向影响,且与身体不健康、生活不能自理的老人同住会带来更大的负向影响。但同住老年父母帮助子女照管孙辈能够起到一定的积极作用,并减少与老年父母同住的负向影响。区分子女性别后发现,与老年父母同住对男性收入的负向影响高于女性,但老人隔代照料孙辈给女性收入带来的正向影响高于男性;区分地区后发现,农村地区子女收入受到居住方式影响的程度高于城镇地区,而且居住方式对子女收入的影响逐年加深。研究结果从微观个人层面客观评价了老年人口在家庭与社会中的作用,为我国克服老龄化挑战、走好积极老龄化之路提供建议。

Based on the 2010,2012,2014 and 2016 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,this paper uses the Heckman two-stage model to empirically test the effect of living arrangement on children's labor income under the background of ageing.The results of the study show that living with older parents has a significant negative effect on the labor income of their children,and that living with older parents who are unhealthy or unable to take care of themselves will have a greater negative effect.However,living with older parents who can help their children take care of the grandchildren can play a positive role and reduce the negative effect of living with older parents.After distinguishing the gender of children,we find that the negative effect on the male’s income is greater than that on the female’s income,but the positive effect of inter-generational care on the female’s income is greater than that on the male’s income.After distinguishing the area,we find that living arrangement bring greater effect on income of children in urban areas.Further,we find that the effect of living arrangement on the income of children has increased year by year.The results of this paper objectively evaluate the role of the elderly population in the family and society on the micro-personal level,and provide suggestions for China to overcome the challenges of aging and walking the way to active aging.