高钾血症的心电图表现以及研究进展

Electrocardiographic manifestations and research progress of hyperkalemia

高钾血症是一种常见的潜在威胁生命的严重电解质紊乱。近年来心电图作为一种诊断工具发展迅速,运用其来诊断高钾血症的优势越来越凸显,它在无创、适时基础上可更全面反映临床症状的危重程度,指导临床工作。本文将高钾血症的心电图表现分为传统的心电图表现及特殊心电图表现进行综述,简要说明了高钾血症的心电图表现的影响因素及列举了数种急需治疗的危重高钾血症心电图表现,并且对近年来心电图与计算机辅助技术相结合诊断高钾血症的研究进展进行综述。

Hyperkalemia is a kind of commonly seen but potentially life-threatening severe electrolyte disturbance. In recent years, ECG as a diagnostic tool has been developing rapidly and its advantage in diagnosing hyperkalemia has been more and more highlighted. Besides ECG examination being noninvasive and timely, it can reflect the severity of clinical symptom more fully and instruct clinical work. This paper divides the ECG manifestations of hyperkalemia into conventional and special ones, briefly explains their influencing factors, and lists several types of ECG manifestations of critical hyperkalemia requiring for urgent treatment. This paper also reviews the research progress of hyperkalemia diagnosis combining ECG with computer-aided technique in recent years.