植保静电喷雾技术发展现状与前景

The Development and Prospect of Electrostatic Spraying Technique in Crop Protection

静电喷雾技术作为现代农业的先进植保技术,相比于普通喷雾施药技术在雾滴沉积率、分布均匀性和药液利用率等方面体现出较好的改善效果,是未来农业可持续发展过程中实现节能减药、降本增效的重要技术手段。为此,对植保静电喷雾技术的发展进程进行了详细梳理,对比介绍和分析了静电喷雾3种荷电方式的基本电工学原理及其技术优缺点;追溯和介绍了国内外学者在药液荷电雾化、荷电雾滴输运、荷电雾滴与靶标的交互沉积3个方面的研究进展,并简要介绍了国内外已有的植保静电喷雾商业化产品和各式静电喷雾样机;同时,深入剖析了植保静电喷雾技术研究和应用中存在的问题,探讨了后续研究中亟需解决的难点和未来可行的应用模式,以期为植保静电喷雾技术的后续研究和应用提供借鉴与参考。

Electrostatic spraying technique is an advanced technique of modern agriculture. Compared to normal pesticide spraying, it shows better improvements in droplets deposition, uniform distribution and pesticide utilization. It ′s an important method to realize the aim of saving energy, decreasing pesticide, cutting cost and improving effectiveness for the sustainable development of future agriculture. This paper introduces the development of crop protection electrostatic spraying technique in detail. The basic electric theories, merits and drawbacks of three kinds of charging means are introduced and analyzed comparatively. The research progress of charging and atomization of liquid pesticides, movement of charged droplets, charged droplets ′ interactive deposition on the targets at home and board is reviewed. Various electrostatic spraying products and protypes are also introduced. Meanwhile, the paper carries a depth analysis of the existing problems in electrostatic research and application, discusses the urgent problems and feasible application modes of electrostatic spraying technique, hoping to provide reference for the subsequent investigation and application.