密植枣园枝条粉碎还田机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Branch Crushing Machine of Dense Planting Jujube

为解决新疆密植枣园果树枝条修剪量大、处理困难、人工劳动强度大及配套装备短缺等问题,研制了一种牵引式枝条粉碎还田机,主要由捡拾装置、粉碎装置和传动装置等组成。为此,主要阐述了机具整体设计方案和工作原理,并对其捡拾机构和粉碎机构等关键部件进行了理论分析和结构设计。捡拾装置通过上下捡拾辊与底部叉板相互作用对枣枝进行拾取和折断,提高了捡净率与粉碎效率;枝条在动定刀配合下被切断,并与筛片产生撞击,实现了高效粉碎。为获得粉碎还田机最佳工作效果,以刀轴转速、刀片数量、筛孔大小、枝条含水率和捡拾转速为试验因素,以捡净率和粉碎粒度为试验指标,进行了五因素二水平二次回归正交旋转中心组合优化试验,利用Design-Expert软件对该模型进行优化求解得到最佳参数组合。结果表明:在地形平坦、枝条含水率2 5%±3%的情况下,该机以2 km/h的速度进行粉碎作业时可获得较佳粉碎效果。该速度下,主要指标平均粉碎效率若羌灰枣枣枝(轻剪)为600kg/h,若羌骏枣枣枝(重剪)为1 500kg/h,平均枝条捡净率为92%,粉碎粒度(小于5cm)达89.3%。该研究可为解决新疆密植枣园枝条机械化处理技术提供参考。

In order to solve the problem of large pruning of fruit trees branches , processing difficulty, intensity of labor, equipment shortages of the Xinjiang close planting jujube, developed a traction type branch smashed straw machine. This machine is mainly composed of a pickup device, crushing device and a driving device, mainly elaborates the overall design of the equipment and working principle, and the key components of the pickup mechanism and the grinding mechanism of a theoretical analysis and structural design.By picking up and breaking the jujube branches from the top and bottom of the pick roller and the bottom fork, the cleaning rate and the crushing efficiency are improved. The branches are cut off with the moving and fixed knife, and with the sieve impact, to achieve efficient crushing. In order to obtain the best working results of the crushing machine,with a knife shaft speed, the blade number, mesh size and moisture content as the test factors, branches for picking up the net rate and the granularity of test index level of the five factors of two quadratic regression orthogonal rotary center combination optimization experiment, using the Design - Expert software to optimize the model to solve the optimal parameter combination. The results showed that: in the flat terrain, the water content of shoot 25%(±3%)with the speed of 2 km/h grinding operation can obtain better grinding effect, the main index of the speed of the average crushing efficiency of Ruoqiang Hui jujube branch (light pruning) 600kg/h, Ruoqiang Jun jujube branch (heavy pruning) for 1500kg/h, the average branch to pick up the net rate of 92%, particle size (less than 5cm) up to 89.3%.This study can provide a reference for solving the mechanized processing technology of jujube branches in Xinjiang.