链式玉米精量播种机的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Chain Casting Corn Precision Seeder

针对播种过程中出现的投种点高、种子与排种器和开沟器碰撞致使种子下落位置随机、播种均匀性差的问题,设计了一种链式玉米精量播种机。该播种机主要由外槽轮式排种装置、链式送种装置、传动装置及镇压装置等组成,窝眼轮式排种器精量取种与勺链式穴播器定点投种联合完成播种作业。为研究播种机前进速度、投种包角及投种高度对投种装置性能的影响,以播种株距合格率为指标进行了正交试验。结果表明:投种高度对株距合格率的影响显著,播种机前进速度对株距合格率有一定影响,投种包角对株距合格率的影响不显著;当播种机前进速度为1.5~2m/s、投种包角为30°~45°、投种高度为25~30mm时,株距合格率为96.79%~99.6 7%。田间试验表明,该玉米精量播种机的株距合格率大于9 5%,单粒率≥9 0,空穴率小于5,满足玉米精量播种的要求。

To solving the problem of high seeding point, seed collisions with seed metering tube and opener occurred in the traditional seeding machines, which result in seed drop position to be random and poor seeding uniformity of rowing spacing and seed spacing, a new kind of spoon-chain corn precision seeder was designed. The seeding machine is mainly composed of the nesting wheel seeding device, the chain type feeding device, the transmission mechanism, the compression device and so on. It completes the sowing job mainly through accurate seeding of the nesting wheel seeding device and the fixed point seed dropping of the chain type feeding device. In order to study the influence of the planter’s speed, the planting angle and the planting height on the performance of the seeding device, the orthogonal test was carried out with the qualified rate of the seeding. The results of orthogonal test show that when the seeding speed is between 1.5m/s to 2m/s, the injection angle is between 30° to 45°, and the dropping height is between 25mm to 30mm, the qualified rate can reach to 96.79%~ 99.67%.Then field experiment results indicated that the qualified index of seed spacing were more than 95%, the single grain rate can reach to 90 , uniformity of planting depth were 88.5%, and the hole rate is less than 5 , which is consistent with the orthogonal test results to meet the requirement of corn seeding.