拖拉机传动装置的结构优化研究

Optimization Research on the Structure of the Transmission Device of the Tractor

为进一步提升农用拖拉机的传动性能,同时降低能耗损失,根据拖拉机作业工况特点及用途,在查阅国内外拖拉机传动装置特性研究与整机发展情况的基础上,通过分析我国常用拖拉机的结构组成及传动系统工作原理,将混合动力传动应用于核心传动装置,并对关键部件进行合理布局和计算选型;同时,植入智能控制系统,对变速、转向、步进等各作业状态进行监控与实时调整,达到传动装置工作的可视化目标。其中,CVT应用于连续、平稳更换挡位,实现了传动及时、控制精准性能要求。搭建了试验平台对牵引性能、能耗环保指标及安全性能综合测试,结果表明:各挡位的传动比较优化前数据提升19%左右,拖拉机整体工作效率得到有效提高,可为后续拖拉机其他核心部件优化与改进提供思路和参考。

In order to further improve the driving performance of agricultural tractors and reduce energy loss, according to the characteristics of working conditions of the tractor and its use, based on reviewing the characteristics research of driving device and the tractor development, through the analysis of the structure and working principle of transmission system of China's agricultural tractors, and the hybrid power transmission was applied to the core drive, and the key components are reasonably laid out and calculated. Meanwhile, the intelligent control system was implanted, which could monitor and adjust the operation status of variable speed, direction and step, and achieve the visual target of the transmission device, the CVT was applied to the continuous and stable manner to achieve the transmission timely and accurate control performance requirements, then building the test platform for the traction performance, energy consumption and environmental protection index and safety performance comprehensive test, test showed that the transmission gear was optimized about 19% than before, and the overall efficiency of the tractor would be improved effectively, which would provide ideas and reference for the other core components of tractor optimization and improvement.