改革开放40周年中国制造业创新发展的历史回顾与思考

Historical Review and Prospect of China's Manufacturing Innovation Development in the 40 Years of Reform and Opening

制造业是国民经济的主体和立国之本。中国制造业在40年的改革开放中持续快速发展,形成了完整的工业体系,成为世界第一工业大国和第一制造大国。但总体看中国制造业"大而不强",尚未形成以技术创新为主导的驱动发展之路,除少部分通过二次创新实现快速追赶外,基本走的是以要素驱动为主,低成本为优势,出口为导向的发展模式,面临全球价值链低端锁定的局面。适应新时代高质量发展的需要,中国制造业必须从要素驱动和投资驱动向创新驱动轨道的发展转变,嵌入全球创新链,加强全面自主创新,从"中国制造"向"中国创造"转变,实现制造业的全面升级。

Manufacturing industry is the main body of national economy and the foundation of national establishment.China’s manufacturing industry continues to develop rapidly in 40 years of the reforming and opening-up and has formed a complete industrial system,which has become the world’s first industrial nation and the first manufacturing power.However,in general,China’s manufacturing industry is“big but not strong”,and has not yet formed a road of driving development led by technological innovation.In addition to a small number of rapid catch-up through secondary innovation,the manufacturing industry has fallen into such a development model as mainly driven by factors,low cost as its advantage and export as its orientation.It has created a situation in which the weakness of high-end manufacturing capability and the low-end lock of the global value chain exsist.In order to meet the needs of China’s high-quality development in the new era,manufacturing industry must change from being driven by factors and investment to being driven by innovation,embed itself in the global innovation chain,strengthen comprehensive and independent innovation,transform from“made in China”to“created in China”,and realize the overall upgrading.