同一控制下企业合并及会计方法对绩效的影响研究

The Research on Performance of Accounting Method and a Business Combination Involving under Common Control

近些年来,在我国企业经营活动中,上市公司合并事项发生的越来越多,因而我国应采用何种合并会计方法进行企业合并成为了学术界讨论和争议的焦点。中国《企业会计准则第20号——企业合并》规定我国同一控制下的企业合并采用权益结合法,非同一控制下的企业合并采用购买法,而国际上,对权益结合法的规定历经了从起用到取消,再到允许个别财务报表使用的历程。文中以权益结合法为起点,选取2014年进行同一控制下企业合并的上市公司为研究对象,以2013—2016年的财务指标为样本数据,运用因子分析的方法,构建绩效综合评分模型,对同一控制下合并前后年度的绩效进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:从短期来看,同一控制下企业合并完成当年的绩效出现显著提高,账面层面优化了上市公司的绩效,但长期来看,同一控制下的企业合并没有给上市公司的绩效带来实质性的改善,也没有实现长期绩效优化的目标。

In recent years,enterprise merger and acquisition(M&A)has occurred frequently in China’s business activities.Therefore,what kind of consolidated accounting method should be adopted for M&A enterprises in China has become the focus of discussion and controversy in academic circles.China’s CAS20 stipulates that the pooling of interest method shall be adopted for the cases of enterprise M&A under the common control,while the purchase method shall be used for the ones under the non-common control.In the world,the pooling of interest method has experienced the process from the starting to use to the prohibition to use,and then is allowed to be used for individual financial statements again.This article started with the pooling of interest method as the starting point,selected the listed companies in China which had M&A under the common control in 2014 as the research object,took 2013-2016 years’financial index as the sample,constructed the comprehensive score model of business performance,and carried out an empirical study on the performance of the years before and after the M&A’s year under the common control.The results show that in the short term,there is significant improvement of the companies’performance in the year of M&A occurrence under the common control,and the enterprise performance is optimized from accounting point of view.However in the long run,the enterprise M&A under the common control does not bring substantial improvement to the enterprise performance and does not achieve the goal of long-term optimized performance.