宋元之际回鹘崇佛文学述论

An Overview of the Uighur Buddhist Worship Literature during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元之际,伴随着佛教在回鹘民众中不断洪传与兴盛,回鹘佛教文学获得了长足的发展。回鹘佛教文学经历了一个发展成熟的过程,早期文学作品基本上为译经文学作品,由梵文、吐火罗文、汉文等文本翻译而来的,包括原始剧本、佛传故事、本生故事、譬喻故事,等等;至中后期,出现了许多优秀的编译作品或原创作品,一些汉文、梵文佛典被改编成韵文体佛典,还涌现出回鹘文原创作品,包括哲学原著、诗歌、碑文、题跋,等等。回鹘人在翻译汉文佛教文学作品时,倾向于借鉴并综合多种汉文版本,还善于进行一定程度的改编,将散文体编译成优美的韵文体作品。回鹘文诗歌有着独特的押韵方式与韵律节奏,其最显著的特点就是首韵法。回鹘文佛教文学作品数量庞大,内容丰富,极大地丰富了中国佛教文学以及西域佛教文学的宝库,并对河西地区的蒙古族以及后来的裕固族都产生了深刻的影响。

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties,with the continuous spread and flourishing of Buddhism among the Uighur,the Uighur Buddhist literature has gained considerable development.It has undergone a process of development and maturity.Early literary works are basically translated classical literary works,which are translated from Sanskrit,Tocharian and Chinese,including original scripts,Buddhist life stories,Jataka stories and metaphorical stories.Until the middle and late period,many excellent adaptations or original works appeared,and some Chinese and Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures were adapted into rhyming texts while original works in Old Uighur language also flourished,including philosophical works,poems,inscriptions,postscripts and so on.When translating Chinese Buddhist literature,the Uighur tends to draw on and integrate various Chinese versions and are good at making some adaptations converting the prose into beautiful rhyming style.Uighur poetry has unique rhythms and meters,and its most prominent feature is alliteration.With its large number and rich contents,the Uighur Buddhist literary works have greatly enriched the Chinese Buddhist literature and the Buddhist literature of the Western Regions,and has had a far-reaching influence on the Mongolian and the Yugur in Hexi Region.