一种自动静脉穿刺器的设计与应用

Design and application of an automatic venipuncture device

目的:研制一种自动静脉穿刺器,以实现临床静脉穿刺操作自动化。方法:自动静脉穿刺器由简易B超机、图像采集系统和驱动系统3部分组成。采用B超机引导,在识别静脉血管后将数据传送至图像采集系统,利用图像采集系统识别定位目标血管,并将目标血管的深度和直径信息转换为进针深度和角度信息,驱动穿刺系统,完成静脉穿刺。选取56例癌症复发患者,采用数表法将其分为仪器穿刺组和人工穿刺组,每组28例,对两组患者进行临床应用预试验。结果:完成了自动静脉穿刺器的第一代和第二代样机研制,仪器穿刺组采用自动静脉穿刺器的穿刺成功率为92.8%(26/28),且具有很高的稳定性。结论:自动静脉穿刺器可解决凭经验盲穿的弊端,克服由于操作者心理状态、患者下意识抖动的人为因素及视野差的环境因素所导致的穿刺困难问题。

Objective:To develop an automatic venipuncture device so as to realize automation of operation in clinical venipuncture.Methods:The automatic venipuncture device consisted of three parts included simple B mode-ultrasound,imaging acquisition system and driven system.Under the guidance of B-mode ultrasound,the data were transmitted to imaging acquisition system after vein vessels were identified.And the image acquisition system identified and located the target vessel,and converted the information of depth and diameter of the target vessel into the information of depth and angle of inserting needle.And then the puncture system was driven to completes the venipuncture.And 56 patients with cancer recurrence were selected and all of them were divided into device puncture group(n=28)and manual puncture group(n=28)according to random number table method.The patients of the two groups were implemented trial test of clinical application.Results:This study has completed the research and development for model machines of first generation and the second generation of automatic venipuncture device.And the puncture success rate of device puncture group was 92.8%(26/28)and it has extremely high stability.Conclusion:The automatic venipuncture device can solved the shortcomings that nurses blind puncture depend on experience,and can overcome the difficulties in puncture which caused by human factors(such as operators’psychological state,patients’jitter in unconscious,etc.)and environment factors(poor vision,etc.).