中国教育改革发展的昨天、今天和明天——顾明远先生专访

Educational Reform and Development in China: Yesterday,Today and Tomorrow——An Interview with Professor GU Mingyuan

新中国成立70周年,中国的教育走过了一条不平凡的道路。70年来,中国教育取得了很多成就,最大的成就是建立了现代教育体系,具体包括公办教育与民办教育共同发展的办学体制,走向简政放权的管理体制,厘清了中央和地方,以及政府、社会和学校之间的关系,推动了课程和人才培养模式改革等。主要经验就是要坚持改革开放和改革创新。改革开放40年来,中国推动了以办学体制、管理体制和课程体系为重点的教育体制改革,取得了5个方面的成就:教育观念的转变、教育事业和教育规模的大发展、教育制度的创新、教育科研的繁荣以及教育从"请进来"到"走出去"。改革创新,一方面要坚持自己的传统,另一方面要学习世界上一切优秀的文化成果,不断推进包括教育体制和教育制度在内的改革。关于中国教育的未来,顾先生认为,最根本的就是要优先发展教育。具体而言:(1)通过发展经济,逐渐消除城乡差别,促进教育公平;(2)通过转变教育观念,由教师的教转向学生的学;(3)坚持以发展能力和综合素质为导向,提高教育质量,办人民满意的教育;(4)进一步深化教育体制改革,厘清政府、社会和学校之间的关系;(5)辨证看待升学教育与素质教育的关系,不能将教育问题等同于教育的问题,教育问题实质上是社会问题在教育领域的反映。

China’s education has gone through an extraordinary path for the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China.In the past 70 years,China’s education has achieved remarkable achievements.The biggest one is the establishment of China’s modern education system,including the school-running system of public education and private education,the management system of simple administration and decentralization,clarifying the relationship between the central and local governments and the relationship among the government,society and schools,and promoting the reform of the curriculum and the personnel training.The main experience is to persist in the reform and opening up and the innovation.In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,the reform of educational system focusing on school-running,management and curriculum have been promoted.Five achievements have been made:the change of educational concept,the great development of educational undertakings and scale,the innovation of educational system,the prosperity of educational research and the transition from“inviting in”to“going out”.The reform and innovation,on the one hand,it must adhere to China’s own traditions,on the other hand,it has to learn from some of the world’s outstanding cultural achievements,and constantly promote the reform,including the education system and education rules.Regarding the future of education in China,Mr.Gu believes that the most fundamental thing is to give priority to the development of education.He believes firstly through the economic development,the urban-rural differences to be gradually eliminated and the educational equity to be promoted,secondly,transforming the concept of education from the teacher’s teaching to the student’s learning,adhering to the ability and comprehensive quality as the guide,taking the people as the center,and running the people’s satisfaction education,thirdly further deepening the reform of the education system and resolving the relationship between the government,society and schools,fourthly treating the relationship between higher education and quality education dialectically,no regarding education as a problem of education.In fact,education is essentially the reflection of social problems in the field of education.