作为一种实在论的批判的语境经验主义

Critical Contextual Empiricism as a Version of Realism

批判的语境经验主义将社会和规范方面融入对科学的理解中,实践实在论也使文化和规范方面在理解科学时发挥重要作用。对二者的比较分析表明,前者可作为实在论的一种形式。二者的结合可发展出"多元社会实在论"这一新的实在论形式。在讨论了地图类比、目标导向的经验主义对不充分决定性问题的分析之后,通过借助海伦·朗基诺的最近研究可得出,多元社会实在论尽管可能,但由于缺乏上帝视角,它在为不充分决定性问题提供决定性解决方案时并不乐观。

Critical contextual empiricism has enabled to bring the social and normative aspects into the treatment of the understanding of science.Practical realism also gives the cultural and normative aspects an influential role in making sense of science.A comparative analysis of the two shows that the former can actually been taken as a version of realism.As a result of combining the two,a new version of realism that can be developed on their basis could be called“pluralist social realism”.After discussing map analogy and aimoriented empiricism which analyse the problem of under-determination,and with the help of the recent research by Helen Longino,the final conclusion of the analysis is that pluralist social realism is possible but even this development does not look promising in providing a conclusive solution of the problem of under-determination because the god’s eye view is missing.