动物群体逃生行为实验和群体虚拟仿真研究综述

Experiments on Animal Evacuation Behaviors and Crowd Virtual Simulations: A Review

群体虚拟仿真能够以三维可视化方式直观呈现紧急情况下的人群逃生行为,对人群的安全管理具有重要的指导价值.由于真实紧急事件案例样本的数据往往不够全面,很难用于虚拟仿真模型的系统验证,而逃生演习也很难重现真实的紧急情景.近年来,人们开始引入动物逃生实验来辅助发现人群逃生规律.文中总结了以蚂蚁和老鼠为主要代表的动物群体逃生行为实验,针对已有的典型群体行为仿真模型,探讨了用动物逃生实验来辅助群体仿真模型验证的可行性;并讨论了动物逃生实验的局限性,提出了动物逃生实验的改进建议,为更好地开展群体行为模型研究提供一些借鉴.

The 3D virtual simulation can visualize the evacuation behavior of the crowd in an emergency,and has important guiding value for the safety management of the crowd.However,the data of the real emergency cases is not comprehensive enough to be used for verification of the virtual simulation model,and it is difficult for the evacuation drill to reproduce the real emergency scenario.Therefore,in recent years,researchers began to introduce animal evacuation experiments to help identify the evacuation rules of the crowd.This paper summarizes the experiments on the evacuation behavior of animal groups mainly represented by ants and mice,explores the feasibility of using the animal evacuation experiments to verify the crowd simulation model for the classical behavior,and discusses the limitations of the existing animal evacuation experiments.Some improvement suggestions of animal evacuation experiments are put forward to be references for better research on the model of crowd behavior.