略论信息组织中的文献保证原则

Summaries of the Principle of Literary Warrant in Information Organization

基于以往对文献保证原则的研究成果及其提出者休姆的论述原文和相关研究文献,阐述文献保证原则的产生背景,提炼文献保证原则的主要内涵——文献而非概念本身是类分的依据、文献著者是分类者而编目员是记录者、图书属性的排序在本质上并无差别,并梳理文献保证原则的演变及其影响。美国国会图书馆分类体系遵照文献保证原则识别新主题词、进行类目修订,具体体现在类型复分、主题复分、主题不同方面的区分、主题关系变化等方面,但该原则存在"文化资本占有者的话语渗透""已类分文献无法随认识而联动"等弊端。我国的文献分类组织应将文献保证原则与科学分类相结合,建设叙词库,注重对主题词词间关系的揭示,确立主题词识别规则。

Based on the research literatures on the principle of literary warrant in the past, by reviewing Hulme s original text and related research literature, the paper elaborates the birth background of the literary warrant principle and refines the main connotation of this principle-the literature rather than the concept itself is a basis for literature classification, the author of the literature is the classifier and the cataloger is the recorder, the ordering of the book attributes is essentially the same, and reviews the evolution of the literary warrant principle and its impact. Combined with the relevant application of the literary warrant principle in the Library of Congress Classification system, it explains how the Library of Congress recognizes new subject words and revises the categories, which are embodied in the classification of categories, thematic division, distinction of different aspects of the theme, and change of the subject relationship;it also points out that the principle has the drawbacks of “cultural capital occupant s discourse infiltration” and “classified literatures cannot be linked with cognition”. Finally, it puts forward suggestions for the literary classification organization in China, such as combining the literary warrant principle with scientific classification, constructing the thesaurus, paying attention to disclosure of the relationship between topic words, establishing topic recognition rules, etc.