民国时期图书馆发展格局中的多元主体分析

Analysis of Multiple Subjects in the Development Pattern of the Library in the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期是由近代藏书楼向新式图书馆转型的重要时期。为了理清参与图书馆事业的各种主体力量,文章采用文献分析论证法,对外国传教士、社会知识精英、士绅及社会贤达、图书馆学专业学者、民国政府的角色和作用进行分析。研究发现:外国传教士的影响持久,起到了思想启蒙和示范作用;社会知识精英在思想上为新式图书馆大造舆论,提供理论支持;各级政府则把图书馆作为国家现代化治理的途径之一,在经济上提供资金支持,在行政上提供职权保障;图书馆学专业学者扩大宣传新图书馆观念,把图书馆学纳入学科建设轨道,逐步提升图书馆管理水平,兼顾图书馆理论与实践;士绅及社会贤达凭借其社会影响力和丰裕资金,积极进行私立图书馆建设的实践探索。五种力量互相推动,互为补充,合力推动实现了民国时期图书馆的成功转型。

The period of the Republic of China was an important time for the transition from the feudal library to the modern library. In order to make clear the main body of the participation in the library development, the paper focuses on the five multiple subjects participating in the library cause, including foreign missionaries, social elites, gentry and community leaders, library scholars and government, and analyzes their roles and functions by literature analysis method. The research shows that foreign missionaries had enduring influence and played the role of ideological enlightenment and demonstration. Social elites provided theoretical support for the new library, and created a tremendous buildup. The gentry and community leaders paid more attention to the practice and exploration with their social influence and funds. Library scholars laid equal stress on theory and practice, expanded the propaganda of new library concept, established library science in China and enhanced the management level of library. The government took the library as a way to modernize the national governance, provided financial support, and granted the right of the administration. The five forces complemented each other, and promoted the transformation of the library development in the period of the Republic of China.