我国南美白对虾不同养殖模式的成本收益分析

Cost-benefit analysis of different culture modes of penaeus vannamei in China

论文根据实地调研的数据对我国南美白对虾不同养殖模式的成本收益情况进行了分析,结果表明:(1)工厂化养殖模式的亩产总成本最高,其次是高位池养殖模式,最后是土池养殖模式。在三种养殖模式下,其可变成本都要远远高于其固定成本。(2)在固定成本中,土池养殖模式最主要的是土地租金,高位池养殖和工厂化养殖模式最主要的是固定资产折旧和固定职工工资费用;可变成本中,三种养殖模式下饲料和水电煤支出均为重要的成本项,其次均为虾苗以及营养和虾药支出。(3)三种养殖模式下的净利润、成本利润率和销售利润率,工厂化养殖模式都为最高,其次是高位池养殖模式,最后是土池养殖模式。相比于土池与高位池养殖模式,工厂化养殖模式投入产出更高,盈利能力更强。(4)在三种养殖模式下,净利润对于价格、可变成本、固定成本的敏感系数依次由高到低。最后根据研究结论提出增加养殖户(企业)养殖经济效益的相关建议。

Based on the field survey data, the paper analyzes the cost-benefit situation of different culture modes of penaeus vannamei in China. The results show that:(1) The total cost per acre of the industrial culture mode is the highest, followed by the high-level pond culture mode, and finally, the earthen pond culture mode. In the three farming modes, the variable costs are much higher than their fixed costs.(2) In the fixed cost, the most important earthen pond culture model is the land rent. The most important model of the high-level pond culture and industrial culture mode is the depreciation of fixed assets and fixed staff wage costs;in the variable cost, under the three culture modes feed and hydropower coal expenditures are important cost items, followed by shrimp seedlings and nutrient and shrimp drug expenditures.(3) The net profit, cost profit ratio and sales profit rate under th e three farming modes were the highest in the industrial culture mode, followed by the high-level pond culture mode, and finally the earthen pond culture mode. Compared to the earthen pond and high level pond culture model, the industrial culture model has higher input and output and stronger profitability.(4) Under the three culture modes, the sensitivity coefficient of net profit to price, variable cost, and fixed cost goes from high to low. Finally, based on the conclusions of the study, we propose relevant recommendations for increasing the economic benefits of farmers (companies).