河北涉县旱作梯田系统的特征、价值与保护实践

The Characteristics, Values and Conservation Practice of Dryland Terraces System in She County, Hebei Province

涉县位于河北省西南部太行山区中段,梯田总面积达26.8万亩,其独特的山地雨养农业系统和规模宏大的石堰梯田景观是我国北方山区生态、经济、社会、文化和科研价值高度统一的,具有全球意义的重要农业文化遗产。在人与自然协同发展的700余年间,当地人依靠"藏粮于地、存粮于仓、节粮于口"的独特生存智慧,在脆弱的生态环境系统中通过林农复合发展花椒、小米、核桃、黑枣、柴胡等林下种植,形成了极具特色的生态农产品;旱作梯田所形成的"梯田-村民-作物-毛驴-石头"五位一体的复合社会生态系统发挥着遗传资源与生物多样性保护、蓄水保土保墒等重要的生态功能;遗产地人民在长期的劳作实践中形成了浓厚的以毛驴文化、石头文化为代表的地方文化,构成遗产地丰富多彩的人文景观。

She county is located in the southwest of Hebei province,the middle area of Taihangmountains,the boundary of three provinces.The total area of the dryland terraces has reached 17 000 hectares,which is an important agricultural heritage of global significance for its unique rain-fed agricultural system in mountainous area,grandiose dryland terraces landscape and high degree of uniformity of ecological,economic,social,cultural and scientific values.During the human and nature's coordinated development for over 700 years,characteristic ecoagriculture products have emerged and developed through the process that the local people planted red pepper,millet,walnut,wild persimmon,bupleurum and so on through the agroforestry with abundant ecological intelligence of"planting crops in field,storaging grain into granary,saving food from mouth";the five-in-one compound socio-ecological system of"terraces-villagers-crops-donkeys-stone"plays a crucial ecological role in conservation of genetic resources,biodiversity,soil,water and so on;characteristic native culture,represented by donkey culture and stone culture,have formed and constituted colorful humanity landscape during the agricultural production practice of local villagers.