层状纳米磷酸锆的制备及催化成炭阻燃聚合物的研究进展

Progress in Preparation of Nano-Layered Phosphate Zirconium and Its Catalyzing Carbonization in Flame Retardant Polymer

α-磷酸锆(α-Zr P)是一类尺寸可控,具有固体酸催化效应的二维层状纳米材料。α-Zr P层间有大量的Brφnsted酸点和Lewis酸点,在高温燃烧时能催化聚合物交联成炭,形成"屏障",阻隔可燃气体、氧气和热量的传输,是一类新型高效的纳米阻燃剂,在聚合物阻燃领域有着巨大的发展潜力。文中简要概述了通过回流法、水热法和沉淀法合成α-Zr P,以及通过熔融共混、溶液插层、原位聚合和层层自组装法制备聚合物纳米复合材料,综述了近年来α-Zr P催化成炭阻燃聚合物的研究进展,并对其在阻燃领域的发展方向进行了展望。

α-Zirconium phosphate( α-Zr P) is a kind of two-dimensional layered nano-materials with controllable size and solid acid catalyzing capability. α-Zr P contains a large number of Brφnsted and Lewis acid sites,which can catalyze cross-link of polymer into char during high-temperature combustion to form a barrier that blocks the transport of combustible gases,oxygen and heat. It is a novel and efficient nano flame retardant,which has great potential in the field of flame retardant polymer. In this work,the synthetic methods of α-Zr P such as refluxing method,hydrothermal method and precipitation method and the preparation methods of its polymer nanocomposites such as melt blending,solution intercalation,in-situ polymerization and layer-by-layer self-assembly were briefly introduced. The progress of α-Zr P in the field of flame retarding polymers via catalyzing carbonization was reviewed,and its development direction was prospected.