香港存款保险法律制度之构建探析

On the Establishment of Deposit Insurance System

存款保险制度的起源可以追溯到上世纪三十年代的美国,其诞生源于民众的大量提现引发的挤兑风潮。自此,其他各个国家和地区都开始筹划,纷纷建立了基于国情而设计的存款保险制度。历史证明,存保制度在应对金融危机时都发挥了巨大的作用。无论是对于存款者的财产保护,还是促进一个国家金融银行业的发展,存款保险制度都起着不可或缺的作用。由于挤兑潮和金融危机的影响,2006年,存款保险制度在香港正式落地。我国大陆地区在九年之后也通过了《存款保险条例》。这意味着在中国大陆也建立了显性的存款保险制度。大陆地区的存保制度实行仅三年时间,制度建设方面乏善可陈,需要进行研究和探索的领域很多。本文以运行显性存保制度已十余年之久的香港为视角,对其存款保险法律制度进行多方位研究,包括架构设计和机构建立等方面,概括了自存保制度实施以来香港银行业改革发展的教训以及可资借鉴的经验,总结了对大陆地区银行业发展的启示。

The initial modern deposit insurance system in America could be traced back to the 30’s of the 20th Century,which was orginated from the reflection to the shocking bank run.Since then on other countries began to design and set up deposit insurance system based on their own particular conditions.It can be concluded from history that deposit insurance system plays a key role in dealing with financial crisis either in the protection of the depositers or in pushing forward the banking development.Because of the influence of the financial crisis,deposit insurance law was first issued in Hongkong in 2006,and the maniland followed 9 years later,which means that the maniland adopted explicit deposit protection system.There still a lot of work to do for the perfection of the deposit system after 3 years of practice.This paper takes Hongkong as an example,studies the deposit insurance law system of Hong Kong from various aspects,including the lessons and the experiences and enlightenments to the mianland banking system.