几种植物提取液对海鲜菇及其竞争性霉菌的作用

Effects of Several Plant Extracts on Hypsizygus marmoreus and Competitive Molds

为给海鲜菇竞争性霉菌病害的防治和生物农药的开发提供参考,采用乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丙酮及石油醚提取黄芪、洋葱、生姜、大蒜、艾草和鱼腥草6种植物的活性物质,研究其对海鲜菇生产中常见竞争性霉菌的抑制效果及海鲜菇菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:不同溶剂6种植物提取液对7种霉菌均有抑制效果,其中洋葱乙酸乙酯、丙酮和石油醚提取液对长枝木霉和哈茨木霉的抑菌率均达80%以上;大蒜的丙酮和石油醚提取液也均具良好的抑菌效果;黄芪乙醇提取液对产黄青霉抑制率达95.2%;与对照相比,各植物提取液对海鲜菇菌丝生长速度的影响无显著差异。

The effect of six plant active material(Astragalus membranaceus,Allium cepa,Zingiber officinale,Allium sativum,Artemisia argyi and Houttuynia cordata)extracted withethyl acetate,ethanol,acetone and petroleum ether respectively on inhibition of common competitive molds and mycelial growth of Hypsizygus marmoreus to provide a reference for control of H.marmoreus and competitive molds and development of bio-pesticides.Result:Six plant extracts all have the inhibition effect on seven molds.The antifungus rate of A.cepa extracts extracted with ethyl acetate,acetone and petroleum ether to Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma harzianum is over 80%.The A.sativum extracts extracted with acetone and petroleum ether both have a good antifungus effect on seven molds.The inhibition rate of the A.membranaceus extract extracted with ethanol against Penicillium chrysogenum reaches 95.2%.The effect of different plant extracts on mycelial growth of H.marmoreus is no obvious difference compared with CK.