我国老龄化发展特点与养老社区模式探索

Characteristics of China's Aging Development and Exploration on Model of Elderly service Community

我国老龄化具有基数大、数量多、高龄化、发展迅速、未富先老等特征,除了带来社会财政负担、社会相应政策需完善等问题外,还有老人的居住的问题。文章通过对国外发达国家养老模式的经验分析,探索我国养老社区模式,总结出综合型养老社区模式、养老组团+普通社区模式、养老设施+成熟社区模式、度假型养老社区模式等4种主要养老社区模式;认为解决我国老龄化居住问题是一项长期而艰巨的任务,需要在养老社区建设和多元化养老住宅研究实践过程中不断地探索和总结经验,找到适合我国老龄化特点、因地制宜的养老社区模式,建立相应的管理机制和社会服务及政策等支撑系统。

China’s aging is featured by large base, large number, oldness, rapid development, and "aging before wealth". In addition to bringing the problems such as social financial burden and needs for improving corresponding social policies, there is also issue of the elderly living. Through the empirical analysis of the elderly service model in developed countries, this article explores the elderly service community model in China, and summarizes four major elderly service models, including comprehensive elderly service community model, group elderly service + ordinary community model, elderly service facilities + mature community model, and resort type elderly service community model; it is considered to be a long-term and arduous task to solve the issue of the elderly living in China, it is necessary to continuously explore and summarize experiences in the process of research on the construction of elderly service communities and the practice of diversified elderly service housing; find the elderly service community model suitable for the features of China’s aging and adapting to local condition; and establish corresponding management mechanisms and support systems such as social services and policies.