1∶5万综合工程地质图编制方法

Compilation method of 1∶50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map

开展新型城镇化规划建设工作,需要以1∶5万综合工程地质图为基础。目前,1∶5万综合工程地质图尚未形成统一的编图技术标准,无法满足工程地质编图的需要。通过总结国内外工程地质编图的理论和方法,结合"中原城市群北部城镇规划区1∶5万工程地质调查与编图"工作,以焦作市幅为例,编制了1∶5万综合工程地质图,探讨了1∶5万综合工程地质图编制方法,并对编图目的、主题表达、工程地质分区、工程地质层划分和图面配置提出新见解。1∶5万综合工程地质图表达的主题为工程地质综合特征,工程地质分区是该主题的具体反映;依据宏观工程地质条件,分别以地形地貌、地层岩性(工程地质层)、岩土体结构或变形强度、地壳稳定性或活动断裂(地震)、不良地质现象或地质灾害等特征差异性进行工程地质分区;以工程地质层作为基本的制图单元,依据《GB/T 50218—2014工程岩体分级标准》进行工程地质层划分,图面尽可能反映工程地质特征要素,包括(但不限于)每个工程地质钻孔柱状图、水文地质要素、内外动力地质现象和重大工程地质问题;综合工程地质图由主体平面图、镶图、剖面图、钻孔综合柱状图、工程地质特征说明表及图例组成,图、表或图例配置要科学合理。

The 1∶50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map is the foundation of the planning and construction of new urbanization.However,there is no unified technical standard for the compilation of the 1∶50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map so far,which can’t meet the needs of engineering geological mapping.By summarizing the domestic and foreign theories and methods of engineering geological mapping,and combined with the current project“1∶50 000 engineering geological survey and mapping of northern urban planning areas of the urban agglomeration in Central Plains”,the authors have compiled a 1∶50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map,taking Jiaozuo City as an example.Furthermore,the theories and methods of compiling the 1∶50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map have been discussed,and new opinions and ideas on the purpose,subject expression,engineering geological zoning,division of engineering geological layers and layout of the engineering geological map have been put forward.The expressed subject of 1∶50 000 comprehensive engineering geological map is the comprehensive characteristics of engineering geology,and the engineering geological zoning is the concrete expression of the subject.According to the macroscopic engineering geological conditions,the engineering geological zoning can be carried out based on the difference of the topography,stratum lithology(engineering geological layer),geotechnical structure or deformation strength,crustal stability or active faults(earthquakes),and adverse geological phenomena or geological disasters.The engineering geological layer should be taken as the basic mapping unit,and the division of the engineering geological layer can be carried out according to the“GB/T 50218-2014 Standard for Classification of Engineering Rock Mass”.In addition,the engineering geological features should be reflected as much as possible,including(but not limited to)each engineering geological borehole histogram,hydrogeological elements,internal and external dynamic geological phenomena,major engineering geological problems and so on.The comprehensive engineering geological map should be composed of the main body plan,inlay map,section map,comprehensive borehole histogram,engineering geological feature description table and legend,all of which should be scientifically and reasonably configured.