略论改革开放以来东部地区城市少数民族人口结构变化

On Demographic Changes of Urban Minority Population in the Eastern Region of China since China's Reform and Opening Up

通过对改革开放以来的第三次、第四次、第五次、第六次人口普查数据的对比分析发现,东部地区城市少数民族人口数量增加迅速,民族成份增多;城市少数民族的年龄以中青年为主,性别结构整体趋于平衡,但各少数民族变化差异较大;在受教育程度方面,受过初中、高中、大学阶段教育的人口大幅增长;从业人口中,脑力职业者比重提升,但体力劳动者仍占主体;城市族际通婚率越来越高。城市少数民族人口结构的变化,给东部地区城市民族关系以及民族工作带来新的挑战,需要加强顶层设计,制定相应政策,采取得力措施,进一步做好新时代城市民族工作。

Through the comparative analysis of the third,the fourth,the fifth and the sixth national census data since China’s reform and opening up,it is found that the population of urban minorities in the east of China has been growing rapidly and the ethnic composition has become more diverse.Most of urban minorities is mainly young and middle age population,and the gender structure tends to be balanced as a whole,but the differences among ethnic minorities vary greatly.In terms of educational level,the population who has received junior middle school,high school and university education has grown substantially.In terms of employment type,the proportion of mental workers is increasing whereas physical workers still account for the majority.In terms of intermarriage,urban inter-ethnic marriage rate is getting increasingly higher.The demographic changes of urban minority population have brought new challenges to the urban ethnic relations as well as ethnic work in the eastern region of China.It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design,formulate corresponding policies,and take effective measures to move forward on the urban ethnic work in the new era.