大慈法王释迦也失两次进京相关史事新证

Re-Examination of Some Historical Facts about Byams-Chen-Chos-Rgyal's Two Visits to the Capital of the Ming Dynasty

文章以近年来公布的藏文手抄本《大慈法王传·如愿呈祥之阳》为主要史料,对大慈法王释迦也失两次进京的一些重要史实进行了新的考证。具体而言,对学界普遍认为释迦也失第一次入朝于南京的观点进行了辨析,认为此时明朝虽然没有正式迁都,但政治中心已经北移,释迦也失入朝的地点是北京而非南京。释迦也失首次来京的驻锡地是元代旧寺海印寺,该寺与其宣德年间入京驻锡的大慈恩寺为同一座寺院。同时,文章将《大慈法王传·如愿呈祥之阳》中的皇帝诏书和《明实录》中的相关记载结合,证明释迦也失第二次进京是在宣德二年应明宣宗的邀请,其最终抵达北京在宣德四年底;释迦也失于宣德十年圆寂于北京大慈恩寺,并非如一些史料所载圆寂于返藏途中。

The article takes the Tibetan manuscript published in recent years,“Byams chen chos kyi rgyal po’i rnam thar’dod pa’i re skong dpal ster nyi ma”as the main historical data,and carried out a new research on some important historical facts about Shākya ye shes during his two visits to Beijing.The author argues that while the Ming court had not officially moved the capital to Beijing from Nanjing,the destination for Shākya ye shes’s first visit to the Ming court was still not Nanjing,but Beijing where the Ming court had moved its political center northward to at that time,not Nanjing.The Haiyin Temple 海印寺 where Shākya ye shes lived in Beijing during the first visit was the same temple called as the Daci’en Temple 大慈恩寺 during his second visit to Beijing in the Xuande 宣德 period.Moreover,mainly according to the imperial edicts in“Byams chen chos kyi rgyal po’i rnam thar’dod pa’i re skong dpal ster nyi ma”and the relevant records in the Ming Shilu 明实录(Annalistic Veritable Records of Ming Dynasty),the paper proves that the second visit of Shākya ye shes to Beijing was a result of the invitation of Ming Xuanzong 明宣宗 in second year of Xuande(1427).And he arrived in Beijing at the end of the fourth year of Xuande(1429).According to the these records,Shākya ye shes died in Daci’en Temple of Beijing’s in the tenth year of Xuande(1435).It is not correct that other records said that he had died on the way back to Tibet.