环境友好型杨梅园高效栽培类型与综合效益评价

Evaluation on Types and Comprehensive Benefits of High Efficiency Cultivation in Environment Friendly Orchard of Chinese Strawberry(Myrica rubra)

杨梅园实行精耕细作,会造成生物多样性下降、水土流失加重、杨梅病虫害加剧等不良后果。为克服或缓解这些难题,对杨梅林开展了不同类型的混交栽培模式和抚育方式的研究。结果表明:进行机械割草的杨梅园生物多样性较优,其维管束植物总计达78种,而以药剂除草的,总计仅11种,差异极显著;"杨梅针、阔、竹混交林+自然生草+机械割草"、"杨梅纯林+自然生草+机械割草"和"杨梅纯林+清耕(除草剂除草)"等三种栽培与抚育类型的主要病害有杨梅癌肿病等2种,主要虫害有白蚁类、袋蛾类、栗黄枯叶蛾等7种(类),均以针、阔、竹混交栽培模式受害最轻。对"杨梅+蓝莓"、"杨梅+蕨类(种植)"和杨梅自然生草等3种栽培模式以及机械割草、人工割草和药剂除草等3种抚育方式的"三大效益"进行了综合评价。

That Chinese strawberry was practised intensive cultivation led to bad results,such as biodiversity had been weakening,soil and water loss had been intensifying,diseases and insect pests of plant had been intensifying.To overcome or alleviate these problems,researches were carried out in different cultivation patterns and tending types of mixed forest.The results were as follows:The biodiversity was rich in Chinese strawberry orchard with mechanical cutting grass,a total of vascular bundle plants were 78 species.In the same time,they were 11 species in orchard weeding with herbicides.There was extremely significant difference between the two types.The main diseases in 3 cultivation patterns and tending types of mixed forest had 2 species,such as Pseudomonas syringae pv.Myricae,and the main insect pests had 7 species(types),such as Termitidae,Cerambycidae and Trabala vishnou.The three cultivation patterns and tending types of mixed forest were:A:“Chinese strawberry mixed with coniferous forest,broad-leaved forest,bamboo+naturally swarding in orchard+mechanical cutting grass.”B:“Pure forest of Chinese strawberry+naturally swarding in orchard+mechanical cutting grass.”C:“Pure forest of Chinese strawberry+orchard with raw grass(weeding with herbicides).”Both of plant diseases and insect pests,the harm was less in degree in mixed forest of Chinese strawberry.“Three benefits”of 3 cultivation patterns(which were“Chinese strawberry+blueberry”,“Chinese strawberry+fern”and“naturally swarding in Chinese strawberry orchard”)and 3 tending types(which were“mechanical cutting grass”,“artificial cutting grass”and“weeding with herbicides”)of mixed forest were evaluated comprehensively.