基于非期望超效率-Malmquist面板模型中国海洋环境效率测算

Calculation of China's marine environmental efficiency based on undesired super efficiency-Malmquist Model

党的第十九大强调加快推进海洋强国战略和生态文明建设,海洋经济发展与海洋生态环境保护越来越受到学术界和政府部门的关注。如何在考虑环境可持续发展的路线下提高海洋经济效率,成为海洋经济领域研究的重点。基于非期望超效率模型测算了沿海11个省市2004—2015年12年间的海洋环境效率,并结合Malmquist生产率指数模型对海洋环境效率的动态变化以及分解效率进行分析,最后利用Tobit面板模型分析海洋环境效率的影响因素。结果表明:(1)沿海各省海洋环境效率大体呈现三个等级分布,粤、沪、津处于第一等级,浙、苏、鲁处于第二等级,冀、辽、闽、琼、桂处于第三等级。(2)Malmquist模型结果显示珠三角、长三角地区海洋环境效率整体较高,环渤海、北部湾地区相对较低,长三角区域围绕上海、珠三角区域围绕广东、环渤海区域围绕天津形成3个海洋经济增长极的总体格局。但考虑环境因素后,北部湾区域与其他区域效率差明显缩小,说明虽然北部湾地区海洋经济发展还处于较低水平,但政府并没有一味地开发海洋资源而造成海洋生态环境的大肆破坏,海洋生态环境总体保持良好,海洋环境效率稳中有升。各省市的海洋环境效率增长主要依靠技术效率的提升,而非技术进步效率。(3)环境规制是促进海洋环境效率的主要因素,海洋产业结构、地区经济发展水平对海洋环境效率呈正向影响。政府应当进一步强化海洋环境规制,积极转变海洋生产方式,促进海洋环境效率进一步提升。

The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China focuses on promoting maritime power strategy and construction of ecological civilization.The development of marine economy and the protection of marine ecological environment are hot issues highly concerned by academia and government nowadays.How to improve the efficiency of marine economy under the path of sustainable development of environment has become the main emphasis of marine economic research.Based on the undesired super efficiency model,the marine environmental efficiency of 11 coastal provinces in 2004-2015 was calculated.Combined with the Malmquist productivity index model,the dynamic change and decomposition efficiency of marine environmental were analyzed.Finally,this paper analyzed the influencing factors of marine environmental efficiency with Tobit panel model.The results showed that:①The marine environmental efficiency of 11 coastal provinces could be divide into three grades.Guangdong,Shanghai and Tianjin were in the first grade.Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Shandong were in the second grade.Hebei,Liaoning,Fujian,Hainan and Guangxi are in the third grade.②The results of Malmquist model showed that the marine environmental efficiency in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta was higher,and relatively lower in Bohai Rim and Beibu Gulf.The Yangtze River Delta region around Shanghai,the Pearl River Delta region around Guangdong,and the Bohai Sea region around Tianjin that forms the overall pattern of three marine economic growth poles.But the gap between the Beibu Gulf and other regions was obviously reduced after considering the environmental factors.It shows that although the development of marine economy in the Beibu Gulf region is still at a low level,the government has not blindly exploited marine resources and wreaked havoc on the marine ecological environment.The marine ecological environment has been kept in good condition as a whole,and the efficiency of the marine environment has been steadily improved.The growth of marine environmental efficiency mainly depended on the improvement of technological efficiency rather than the technological progress efficiency.③Environmental regulation was the main factor to promote the marine environment efficiency.The marine industrial structure and the level of regional economic development had a positive impact on the marine environment efficiency.The government should further strengthen marine environmental regulation and actively transform marine production mode.