农户分化、代际差异对生态耕种采纳度的影响

Household differentiation,generational difference and ecological farming adoption

农户作为最直接的耕地利用主体,其生态耕种采纳度是耕地保护政策能否顺利落实和促使耕地保护的重要保证。基于江西省2 068份农户问卷调研数据,从农户分化与代际差异两大社会现象切入,在新古典经济学的"理性人"、行为经济学的"非理性人"理论框架下,提出研究假设,通过层次分析—熵值定权法构建了生态耕种采纳度的评价指标体系,运用Tobit模型,深入分析农户分化、代际差异对农户生态耕种采纳度的影响规律,以期为加强生态耕种行为,制定耕地生态保护相关政策提供参考依据。结果表明:第一,农户分化程度的加深会使农户的生态耕种采纳度降低,且农户分化每加深1个单位,其生态耕种采纳度的条件均值降低0. 204个单位。第二,新生代农户相对于老一代农户具有更积极的生态耕种采纳度,新生代农户的生态耕种采纳度比平均水平高37. 84%。第三,相对于分化程度更深的农户而言,浅分化农户的代际差异变化使其生态耕种采纳度的边际效果更强。纠正内生性偏误后,代际差异与分化调节效应对农户生态耕种采纳度的影响程度增强,农户分化对农户生态耕种采纳度的影响程度减弱,但是总体回归结果依然支持结论。代际差异、农户分化与分化调节效应的分样本回归结果基本稳健,结论均得到了较稳健的模型结果支持。为此,建议鼓励深分化农户加强耕地流转,释放有效劳动力;加强浅分化农户的技术培训,政府应在产业合作组织设立、扩大经营规模等方面给予支持;对老一代农户加强耕地保护基本政策、农业补贴政策等方面的宣传。

As the most direct main body of cultivated land utilization,the adoption of ecological cultivation is an important guarantee for the successful implementation and promotion of farmland protection.Based on 2 068 farmers questionnaire survey data of Jiangxi Province,from two social phenomena of household differentiation and generational difference,under the framework of the theory of‘rational man’in neoclassical economics and‘irrational man’in behavioral economics,the research hypothesis was put forward,and the evaluation index system of ecological farming acceptance degree was constructed by means of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight method.Then by using Tobit model,the influence rules of farmer household differentiation and intergenerational difference on the ecological farming acceptance degree were analyzed deeply,which provided reference basis for strengthening ecological farming behavior and formulating relevant policies for cultivated land ecological protection.Results showed that:first,the higher degree of household differentiation would reduce the ecological farming adoption farmers.Every increased 1 unit in household differentiation,the conditions of ecological farming adoption mean lowered 0.204 units.Second,the new generation of farmers had a more active eco-farming adoption than the older generation,and the adoption of ecological cultivation of the new generation of farmers was 37.84%higher than the average level.Third,in the case of farmers with deeper degree of differentiation,the change in generational difference of lower household differentiation made the marginal effect higher in the adoption of ecological cultivation.After correcting the endogenous bias,the influence of intergenerational difference and differentiation regulation effect on farmers undefined ecological cultivation adoption degree was enhanced,and the influence degree of peasant household differentiation degree on farmers undefined ecological cultivation adoption degree was weakened,but the overall regression results still supported the conclusion.The subsample regression results of intergenerational difference,differentiation degree and differentiation regulation effect of farmers were basically robust,and the conclusions were supported by robust model results.Therefore,it is suggested that the government should encourage deeply divided farmers to strengthen the circulation of cultivated land and release effective labor force,and support the establishment of industrial cooperative organizations and the expansion of business scale to strengthen technical training of shallow-differentiated farmers.It also should promote the basic policies of farmland protection and agricultural subsidy to the old generation of farmers.