资本禀赋异质性对农户生态生产行为的影响研究——基于水平和结构的双重视角分析

Research on the influence of capital endowment heterogeneity on farmers' ecological production: analysis from horizontal and structural perspectives

生态生产有利于减少农业污染、保护地力、节约资源,是深化农业供给侧结构性改革的根本要求和重要路径。农户的生态生产行为供给了具有正外部性的环境品,不仅有利于降低单位生产成本,而且还可能在未来获得增产增收回报。然而当前农业生产中,农户采用生态生产行为的动力不足,能力不强,严重制约了农业供给侧结构性改革。而造成这一问题的重要原因在于农户受自身资本禀赋约束。同时新型农业经营主体与普通农户资本禀赋状况及配置结构存在较大差异,导致受资本禀赋约束的影响存在差异。本文基于长江中游四省稻农的实地调研数据,首先构造农户生态生产行为综合值,运用熵值法计算出农户资本禀赋总量与分维水平并划分农户资本禀赋结构,进而探析了农户资本禀赋异质性对农户生态生产行为的影响。主要研究结论如下:(1)农户资本禀赋总量水平显著正向影响农户生态生产行为;分维水平中农户物质资本禀赋、人力资本禀赋、社会资本禀赋水平均显著正向影响农户生态生产行为。(2)农户资本禀赋结构中,经济资本占优、社会资本占优农户更倾向于采用生态生产行为。(3)不同类型经营主体分析中,对于新型农业经营主体来说,经济资本禀赋水平与经济资本禀赋占优显著正向影响其生态生产行为。基于以上结论,本文提出多维度提高农户的资本禀赋水平和优化农户资本禀赋结构配置来改善和提高农户生态生产行为的采用,推动农业供给侧结构性改革。

Ecological production contributes to agricultural pollution reduction,land preservation,and resources conservation,and thus it forms the basic requirement and important path to deepen the supply-side reform in agriculture.For farmers,ecological production can produce environmental goods with positive externality,which serves not only to reduce current unit production cost,but also to boot yields in the future.However,farmers’adoption of ecological production practice is low,which is demonstrated by their lack of motivation and constraint in resources.This severely inhibits the agricultural structural reform.The main reason for this problem is that farmers are constrained by their own capital endowment.Moreover,there is a big difference between the new agricultural management subject and the ordinary farmers in capital endowment status and disposition structure,which leads to the difference of the restriction of capital endowment.Based on a field survey dataset of 911 rice farmers along the Yangtze River,we evaluated comprehensive value of farmers’ecological production behavior,further used the entropy method to calculate farmer’s total capital endowment level and asset level in several dimensions,and classified capital endowment structure.We then analyzed the effect of capital endowment heterogeneity on farmers’behavior of ecological production.The main findings showed as follows:①Farmer’s total level of capital endowment had a significantly positive impact on its adoption ecological production.Farmers’material capital endowment,human capital endowment and social capital endowment level all substantially affected farmers’adoption of ecological production.②Farmers endowed with dominant economic capital and dominant social capital were more inclined to adopt ecological production practices.③The economic capital endowment level and the preponderance of economic capital endowments positively affected ecological production adoption of new type of agricultural business entities.Based on these findings,our policy recommendations were to improve farmers’capital endowment level and optimize the distribution of farmer’s capital endowment structure so that ecological production practices could be adopted by more farmers.