基于饲料成本与或有损失比较视角的生猪养殖户饲料选择购买行为研究

Study on pig farmers' feed choice and purchase behavior from the comparative perspective of feed cost and loss contingency

畜禽等动物产品的质量安全与其食用的饲料质量密切相关。在充分借鉴相关研究成果的基础上,本文以生猪饲料为案例,基于饲料生产经营全程体系,以江苏省阜宁县442户生猪养殖户为样本,以生猪养殖饲料成本与或有损失的比较为视角,观察生猪养殖户的饲料选择与购买行为,研究影响饲料质量安全的因素,为提升饲料质量提供有益的参考。研究结果表明,在生猪养殖户个体特征变量中,养殖户户主的年龄、学历、饲料成本占养殖成本的比例、生猪出栏量通过了显著性检验。由此表明,随着户主学历的提高、生猪出栏量的增加以及饲料成本占生猪养殖成本比例的增大,生猪养殖户更有可能选择与购买中等和高质量饲料。与此同时,在饲料生产、加工、贮存、流通等环节变量中,饲料生产经营厂商生产与贮存环境的规范性、违禁药物的使用、添加剂的使用通过了显著性检验,表明随着养殖户判断的饲料厂商生产与贮存环境规范性、违禁药物与添加剂使用规范性的提高,生猪养殖户在总体上更有可能选择与购买中等和高质量饲料。观察以上变量可以发现,养殖户户主年龄、生猪出栏量对生猪养殖户饲料选择与购买行为影响最大。相关变量边际效应的计算进一步证实,随着养殖户户主学历、饲料成本占养殖成本的比例、出栏量、生产与贮存环境的规范性提高、违禁药物与添加剂使用规范性的提升,生猪养殖户在总体上选择购买中高质量饲料的概率较高;而受户主年龄增大的影响,生猪养殖户更倾向于选择购买低质量的饲料。

The quality and safety of animal products such as livestock and poultry are closely related to the quality of feed.On the basis of fully drawing lessons from the related research achievements,this paper is a case study of pig feed.Based on the samples of 442 pig farmers in Funing County,Jiangsu Province,China,the feed choice and purchase behavior of pig farmers were observed based on the comparison of the feed cost and loss contingency.Our study demonstrated that seven independent variables had a significant effect on the dependent variable,and included pig farmer’s age,education level,ratio of feed costs to total feeding costs,pig offtake amount,normativity of feed production and storage environment,use of illicit drugs in feed production and trade,and use of additives.Pig farmer’s age and pig offtake amount had the highest impact on feed choice and purchase behavior.By calculating the marginal effects of the relevant variables,with the increase of education level,ratio of feed costs to total farming costs,pig offtake amount,normativity of feed production and storage environment,and use of illicit drugs or additives,pig farmer had higher possibilities to purchase medium and high quality feed;while with the increase of farmer’s age,pig farmer preferred to choose and purchase lower quality feed.