肌动蛋白细胞骨架在小鼠第二生心区祖细胞部署发育中的作用

The role of actin cytoskeleton in regulating the deployment process of mouse cardiac second heart field progenitor cells

脊椎动物心管起源于早期胚胎的生心中胚层细胞,随后从邻近的咽中胚层和内脏中胚层中逐渐添加第二生心区(second heart field, SHF)祖细胞而延长。SHF细胞向心管贡献受损,使心管不能最大限度地延长,导致一系列的心脏发育缺陷,包括最常见的右心室发育不良与流出道分隔旋转异常等先天性出生缺陷。SHF祖细胞构成非经典顶端-基底极性上皮,并具有顶部单纤毛、动态肌动蛋白(actin)富集基底端的丝状伪足等特点。本文总结了actin细胞骨架在小鼠SHF祖细胞部署发育过程中的研究进展,揭示actin细胞骨架在SHF祖细胞发育特别是SHF细胞向流出道部署过程中的重要性,以期为阐明和理解SHF祖细胞迁移、部署的细胞生物学特性提供一定的理论参考。

The vertebrate heart tube originates from cardiogenic mesodermal cells in the early embryo,and subsequently elongates by progressive addition of second heart field(SHF)progenitor cells from adjacent pharyngeal mesoderm and splanchnic mesoderm.Insufficient addition of SHF cells to the heart tube causes the failure of maximal elongation of the heart tube,which results in a series of developmental defects including the most common congenital birth defects,such as right ventricular dysplasia and outflow tract septation,and alignment anomalies.SHF cells form an atypical,apicobasally polarized epithelium which is characterized by apical monocilia,and dynamic actin-rich basal filopodia.In this review,we summarize recent research progresses of actin cytoskeleton in the deployment process of mouse SHF progenitor cells,and reveal the significance of actin cytoskeleton in SHF development,especially in the deployment of SHF cells to the outflow tract,to provide theoretical reference for elucidating and understanding the biological characteristics of SHF deployment.