美国科研不端行为调查程序评析与借鉴

Analysis and reference of the investigation procedure of misconduct in scientific research in the United States

科研不端行为的调查是科研诚信建设和不端行为处理的核心工作,如何确保在调查阶段能够实现程序正义也是确保最终调查结果实质公正的根本保障.我国承袭大陆法系传统法律风格,在科研不端行为查处的制度建设方面存在"重实体而轻程序"的问题,给我国科研不端行为查处的公正性带来了很大的影响.美国在科研不端行为查处方面的制度建设,尤其是多年"正当程序"传统下形成的体现程序正义的程序法,对我国科研不端行为的调查具有积极的借鉴作用.对比评析了美国和我国科研不端行为调查程序的优缺点,进而为我国科研不端行为调查程序的制度建设提出建议.

The investigation of scientific misconduct is the core work of scientific integrity construction and misconduct.How to ensure the procedural justice in the investigation stage is also the fundamental guarantee for ensuring the final result of the investigation.China inherits the traditional legal style of the civil law system,and has the problem of"heavy physical and light procedures"in the system construction of scientific research misconduct,which has brought great influence to the fairness of the investigation and misconduct of scientific research in China.The system construction of the United States in the investigation of scientific misconduct,especially the procedural law embodied in the procedural justice formed under the tradition of"due process"for many years,has a positive reference for the investigation of scientific misconduct in China.This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of the investigation procedures of scientific misconduct in the United States and China,and then proposes the system construction of the investigation procedure of scientific misconduct in China.