不同递增阶梯定价下的政策效果差异——基于定价结构陡峭程度的研究

The Effects on Residential Electricity Consumption of Different Schemes of Increasing Block Pricing——A Study Utilizing The Steepness of Pricing Structure

本文利用合成控制法评估了浙江、福建、四川三个试点地区实施的不同递增阶梯定价方案的政策效果,研究了定价结构陡峭程度与政策效果的关系,并在此基础上对2012年全国正式实施的定价方案的效果进行评估。研究发现:试点地区定价方案的效果由强到弱依次为四川、浙江、福建;四川居民的用电量在试点时期一直低于参照组,浙江居民的用电量在实施后的前两年较参照组有所下降,之后又恢复正常,而福建居民用电量几乎没有变化;三地不同的政策效果与各自定价结构的陡峭程度紧密相关,整体上陡峭程度越高,居民用电量减少幅度越大;要使定价方案有持续效果,各档名义价格单位累进率的数量级不应小于-3;消费者对名义价格单位累进率有反应,且陡峭程度较高的高档位对居民用电消费的影响反而小于陡峭程度低的档位;2012年各地定价方案整体较为平缓,没有显著效果。

This paper studies and compares the differences in the implementation effect of different schemes of increasing block pricing(IBP).Firstly,the synthetic control method is employed to evaluate the effect of IBP in three pilot regions.Secondly,the relationship between the steepness of pricing structure and the effect of IBP is investigated.Thirdly,the effect of the pricing scheme officially implemented throughout China in 2012 is further evaluated.This paper finds that the effects of IBP in three pilot regions is largest in Sichuan,followed by Zhejiang and Fujian.Compared with the reference groups,the residential electricity consumption is Sichuan had been lower during the pilot period,while it decreased only for the first two years in Zhejiang and barely changed in Fujian.The differences in the effects of IBP in Sichuan,Zhejiang and Fujian can by explained by the steepness of the price schedule.The steeper the price structure is,the greater the reduction in residential electricity consumption is.To secure a significant effect on reducing electricity consumption of the IBP,the magnitude of the nominal price unit progressive rate should be no less than-3.This paper also finds that the effect on residential electricity consumption of higher tier with steeper IBP tariff is less than that of lower tier with less steep IBP tariff.The overall pricing scheme in 2012 was relatively flat and its policy effect was insignificant.