灯与镜:白求恩事迹与精神的人类学审视

Lamp and Mirror:Socio-anthropological Interpretation of Dr.Bethune's Manuscripts

20世纪是一个风起云涌的时代。这个世纪几乎改写了人类命运,而且它重塑了今天的政治史、社会史和学术史。在19-20世纪之交,发生了很多人类思想史上的重大事件。其中,人类学思想的兴起和它对人类社会的影响及启迪延续至今。国际主义战士白求恩的精神构成及其思想影响可以被视作这个大时代的一个人文研究个案,包括白求恩思想的形成、发展和完成过程中时代与政治的影响因素及其作用。白求恩出生于宗教家庭,童年生活坎坷。他学医并成为名医的过程也富有戏剧性。白求恩亲身经历了第一次世界大战、西班牙内战及中国抗战,并献身于晋察冀战场,实现了他为国际主义奋斗的诺言。在他身后有着一些众说纷纭的评价,从文化人类学角度对白求恩思想的形成进行立体分析,并借助对白求恩手稿等第一手资料的解读和剖析,有助于我们还原真实的白求恩这一英雄人物的心路历程。

Anthropology as a study blossomed in the early decades of the 20th century.Along with new scientific methods and ideology,emerging theories around socio-cultural studies began to influence cultural perception and interpretation.Dr.Norman Bethune lived during this time period.Changes in the social environment played an important role in his career path and his future political conviction.In this paper,I analyze how Dr.Bethune’s upbringing and cultural exposure during this time of change help shape his social beliefs.His conviction in internationalism would eventually lead him to serve as a frontline surgeon in World War I,the Spanish Civil War and the Chinese War of Resistance and form his legacy.