儒学修身之内外两条路径

The Inner and Outer Approaches of Confucian Self-Cultivation

由于对"仁"与"礼"的不同侧重,儒家修身可分为内外两条路径。"中出"是由心性本体向外推扩,"外入"是从礼仪入手来转化人性。孔子灵活地把握了内外之间的动态平衡。孔子之后,儒学史上多次出现了内外路线之争,如子夏与子张之别、孟荀之分、朱陆之争以及当代新儒家内部分歧。儒家的修身工夫内外并重,二者之间完全能够互相配合,没有高下之分,每位儒者也要选取适合自己的修身路径。

Due to the different emphasis on humanity(ren)or propriety(li),the Confucian approaches of self-cultivation can be divided into inner and outer types.The inner approach is exemplified as the externalization from the heart-mind Being to real things,whereas the outer approach is embodied as the internalization of rituals.Confucius himself harnessed the perfect balance between inner and outer approaches;however,disputes between the two approaches arose along the history of Confucianism after Confucius.Confucian theory of self-cultivation attaches equal importance to inner and outer that could be mutually cooperative and mutually enhancing.Every Confucian practitioner could choose a way that is suitable for themselves.