牵引式马铃薯联合收获机的设计与试验

Design and Test of Tractive Potato Combined Harvester

马铃薯收获是马铃薯产业全程机械化的关键环节之一,目前我国收获机械化程度较低。虽然国内的马铃薯收获机械种类繁多,但是大部分机具仍需人工辅助完成整个收获过程,作业成本较高、劳动强度大。为此,研究开发了一种2垄4行牵引式马铃薯联合收获机,可一次作业完成挖掘限深、土薯分离、秧草除杂及输送归集装车等多项工艺联合作业。上车输送归集装置由3级升运机构共同组成,采用液压驱动实现马铃薯薯块的输送归集,结构简单,调整方便,解决了传统收获模式下仍需人工捡拾的作业过程,大大降低了劳动强度。增设光电传感器检测,与液压传动系统结合可以有效反馈控制落薯的高度与位置,大大降低了伤薯率。田间试验表明:该机作业效果良好,各项性能指标均符合《马铃薯·收获机质量评价技术规范》标准要求。

Potato combine harvest is one of the key links of mechanization of potato industry,the level of potato mechanization is lower in China,especially the degree of mechanization harvest,although the variety of the domestic potato harvest machinery,but most of the machines still need artificial harvest to complete the whole process,the high cost of operation,the big intensity of labor.In view of the above problems,a 2/4 rows traction potato combine harvester is developed,which can finish many operations such as depth limit,soil potato separation,seedling grass impurity removal,transportation to container trucks and so on.The vehicle collecting and dispatching device is composed of three level lifting mechanisms.The hydraulic drive is used to realize the transportation and collection of potato tubers.The structure is simple,and the adjustment is convenient.It solves the process of manual picking up under traditional harvest mode,and greatly reduces labor intensity.Adding photoelectricsensor and combining with hydraulic transmission system can effectively feed back the height and position of the sweet potato and greatly reduce the rate of sweet potato.The field test showed that the machine had benefits and all the performance indexes were in accordance with the standard requirements of the technical specification for the quality evaluation of potato harvester.