旱地钵苗自动移栽机设计与试验

Design and Test of Dry Land Automatic Transplanter for Plug Seedling

针对目前国内半自动移栽机移栽效率低、综合经济效益不明显等问题,设计了一种旱地钵苗自动移栽机。该移栽机取苗部件利用齿轮五杆组合机构驱动取苗爪完成取苗动作,取苗爪采用插入基质单株取苗方式进行取苗;供苗部件采用不完全齿轮和螺旋凸轮轴组合的结构形式实现横向间歇进给供苗,利用棘轮棘爪机构保证纵向停顿供苗;栽植部件选用行星齿轮箱和鸭嘴式栽植器完成钵苗定植。试验表明:该旱地钵苗自动移栽机运转良好,工作性能可靠,作业效率为71.7株/(min·行)时,取苗成功率97.1%,漏栽率4.4%,满足预期设计要求,可为后期自动移栽机的设计与研究提供参考。

In order to improve the transplanting efficiency and the economic benefits, a dry land automatic transplanter for plug seedlings was designed in this paper. It is mainly composed of seedling pick-up device, seedling giving device, planting device, and soil covering device et al. The fetching of seedlings is completed by the picking seedlings device with the method of seedling claw inserting matrix per plant under the action of the gear and five-bar. The giving device was designed to provide seedlings in the right place at appropriate time. A pair of ratchet and pawl is used to meet longitudinal feed of seedlings, and the combination of intermittent involute gears and screw axis is used to realize horizontal feed of seedlings. The seedling picked is dropped in the planting device with planetary gear box, planted and covered with the help of soil covering device in the field. During the experiment, 30 horsepower tractor was selected as the only power input. The test object is the plug seedling of tomato in the field. The results show that the preferable machine performance occurs with the transplanting frequency of 71.8 plant percent minute. Meanwhile, the success rate of picking seedlings is 2.9% and the missing rate of planting seedlings is no more than 4.4%, which improves the transplanting efficiency well. This study will provide theoretical reference for the subsequent research and design of automatic transplanter.