红壤凿形深松铲的设计与试验

Design and Experiment on the Chisel-shape Deep-shovel in Red Loam

针对南方红壤旱作区土壤黏性强、比阻大的现状,为减少深松铲的红壤土黏附量和降低牵引阻力,设计了一种红壤凿形深松铲。在深入分析红壤条件下深松铲受力情况的基础上,确定了影响红壤凿形深松铲黏附阻力和牵引阻力的结构参数及其取值范围。同时,采用正交试验设计方法,研究了入土角、铲柄刃口夹角、铲柄厚度和铲柄侧面宽度对黏土量和牵引阻力的影响规律,得出红壤凿形深松铲的最佳结构参数组合:入土角β为4 0°、铲柄刃口夹角γ为6 0°、铲柄厚度σ为4 0 mm、铲柄侧面宽度B2为100mm。同时,基于最佳结构参数组合优化深松铲,设计了掘齿型和半轴型铲头。田间对比试验结果表明:标准型、掘齿型、半轴型铲头3种红壤凿形深松铲牵引阻力的跃动区间分别为11~16kN、13~17kN、9~12kN;与标准型相比,掘齿型的黏土量减少4.2%,牵引阻力增加6.24%~15.15%,半轴型的黏土量和牵引阻力分别减小30%和18.21%~18.64%,确定了铲头形状为半轴型。该研究为适用于南方红壤旱作区耕作机具的设计研究提供了参考依据。

The deep-shovel of existing was used for the soil with small viscous and loose in texture usually. Problem of deformed deep-shovel, loam adhesion equipment, great traction resistance, deep-loosing with poor effect and so on was easy caused by using the deep-shovel of existing in China southern sugarcane area. Therefore,further study for the design of deep-shovel structure under the condition of red loam with high viscosity required. Firstly, a chisel-shape deep- shovel for red loam in southern sugarcane area was designed to the decrease adhesion amounts of red loam and the reduce traction resistance. By analyzing the force condition of deep-shovel in the red loam, the value range of structure parameters which had effects on the adhesion amounts of red loam and the traction resistance was confirmed. Afterwards, some inherent rules influence law between the deep-shovel, such as angle of penetration (β), angle of shovel handle cutting edge (γ), thickness of shovel handle (σ), width of shovel handle side ( B2 ) with mathematic numerical were found out by the study after taking orthogonal test with multi-factors and multi-levels. The results showed that the best structural parameter combination was that β of 40 °,γ of 60°,σ of 40mm, B 2 of 100mm. Finally, two types of half shaft and excavating teeth of shovel head based on the best parameter combination were designed. The contrast test indicated that there were three traction resistances, it was that the type of standard (ST) was 11-16kN, the type of excavating teeth (ET) was 13-17kN, the type of half shaft (HT) was 9-12kN. Meanwhile, the adhesion amounts of ET was reduced 4.8%, the traction resistance was increased 6.24%-15.15%, and the adhesion amounts of HT was decreased 25%, the traction resistance was reduced 18.21%~18.64%. This study has been laid the foundation for further research on the deep-loosening machinery in southern sugarcane area with red loam.