莫里森《秀拉》对女性主体身份的反思

An Introspection of Female Subjectivity in Toni Morrison's Sula

非裔美国女性作家托尼·莫里森在《秀拉》中塑造了多位遭遇主体身份危机的女性角色。在主流性别规范的强势影响下,以海伦娜与奈尔为代表的怀特家族接受女性身体属于"卑贱、不合法的身体",自我主体由于身体的缺位而无处安放。形成鲜明对比的是,伊娃、汉娜、秀拉三代女性所组成的匹斯家族则正视女性身体的能动力量,以此修正既有的性别规范,使女性主体显现成为可能。受母辈的积极影响,秀拉主动以身体为话语场逆向操演传统的性别规范,重构女性主体。莫里森以后现代主义的叙事方式对女性主体身份问题进行反思:主体不是僵化固定的,而是一个开放的生成过程,而身体在重构女性主体过程中具有不可低估的重要性。

In Sula,Toni Morrison created many typical images frustrated by the problem of female subjectivity.Controlled by traditional gender value,black women,such as Nel and Helena in the story,had their subjectivity deprived largely due to the fact their female body was considered as illegal.However,during the process of gender performativity,black women including Eva and Hanna,chose to modify the given gender regulations so as to help their female subjectivity to be presented.Furthermore,Sula,with her strong consciousness of independent woman,challenged and opposed the oppressing gender rule,hence to construct her subjectivity.Toni Morrison,by taking advantage of her super narrative ability,profoundly presented the deconstruction power of these black women during the process of exploring and reconstructing their subjectivity.