神性复归——《白鲸》中的灵知视界

Returning of the Divinity——From the Perspective of Gnosticism in the Mobi Dick

《白鲸》中的宗教内质具有动态发展性,仅从基督教一元视界角度观照小说过于狭隘,清教主义与作品本身错综复杂的内在思想存在相悖之处,同时,单一视角也无法完全透视小说中所传递的某种精神内涵,容易陷入"意图谬见"的圈套之中。从灵知主义视角分析作品的内在构成,指出"灵"与"知"是神性复归的途径,而神性复归最终指向个人地拯救,打破了基督教上帝拯救的绝对权威性,反映出作者对人神二元体系平衡发展地构想。

The religious essence in the Mobi-Dick has a dynamic development.It is too narrow to look at the novel from the perspective of the view of Christianity,and there is a contradiction between the Puritanism and the works itself.At the same time,a single perspective can not fully reveal some spiritual connotation conveyed in the novel,and easily fall into the trap of"intent fallacy".This article will analyze the internal composition of the works from the perspective of Gnosticism,and point out that"spirit"and"knowledge"are the ways of the return of the divine nature,and that the return of divinity ultimately points to the salvation of the individual,breaking the absolute authority of the salvation of the God,and reflecting the author’s conception of the balance of the duality system of human and God.