从“醒”的语义扩展看概念域的历史演变

Exploring the Historical Evolution of the Conceptual Domain Based on the Cross-domain Semantic Extension of XING(醒)

文章采用事实描写与理论解释相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究方法,运用词汇语义学、历史词汇学等学科的相关理论,以"醒"由酒醒义引申出睡醒义、苏醒义和尚未入睡义的跨域语义扩展为主线,分先秦西汉、东汉至隋、唐宋、元明清五个时期,考察了"酒醒""苏醒""睡醒"三个概念域主要成员的历史演变情况。主要结论有:理清了"醒"跨域词义扩展的时间和过程,勾勒了三个概念域主导词的历时更替和语义演变过程,发现三个概念域之间成员的跨域演变具有不对称性。

Adopting a combination of factual description and theoretical interpretation,qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,and using relevant theories of lexical semantics and historical lexicology,the article focuses on the cross-domain semantic expansion of XING(醒),which has evolved from the original meaning of wake up from drunkenness to the extended meaning of wake up from sleep and coma,and the meaning of not yet falling asleep.The historical evolution of the main members of the three conceptual domains was also described from five different periods:Pre-Qin and the Western Han Dynasties,the Eastern Han Dynasty to Sui Dynasty,the Tang and Song Dynasties,and the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.This article finds out the time and process of XING(醒)cross-domain meaning extension,presents the diachronic replacement and semantic evolution of the main members of the three conceptual domains,and points out the cross-domain evolution of members among the three conceptual domains is asymmetric.