对Goldberg认知构式语法理论的思考

On Cognitive Construction Grammar

本文在研读Goldberg(1995,2006)两部理论著作的基础上,就国内学界对构式语法理论所持的一些流行观点进行反思、探讨和澄清,并讨论学界目前尚未引起足够关注的部分理论细节,内容主要涉及构式的定义及构式义的来源、动词与构式的互动过程、构式间的承继联接关系等三个方面。本文主要有五点看法:1)对于构式的定义,学界目前普遍关注其非推导性特征,而忽视其使用特征;2)各类抽象程度不同的构式的构式义来源于语言使用中的抽象概括;3)动词与构式在互动过程中,动词义与构式义不发生熔合;4)按照意义的本质不同,词项与抽象构式应当区别为两种不同的理论实体,"词汇与句子构成连续统关系"这一说法并不抹杀这一本质;5)在构式间的承继联接关系中,多义联接与隐喻扩展联接难以界定,实例联接与子部分联接的定义模糊不清。

Based on our reading of Goldberg(1995, 2006), her two representative theoretical monographs on Construction Grammar, this paper attempts to make text-based discussions and clarifications of some widespread conceptions and opinions held by the domestic academic field, with special attentions paid to certain details that have not yet been fully talked about. There are three aspects that are looked into in this paper, including the definition and meaning of constructions, the interaction between verbs and constructions, and the inheritance links among constructions. There are five points observed in this paper: 1) though the non-derivational feature of construction is always emphasized, usage has been largely ignored by domestic scholars;2) constructional meanings, regardless of the level of abstractness, all come from the abstraction and generalization of daily language use;3) there is no fusion of lexical meaning and constructional meaning in the interaction of verbs and constructions;4) lexical items and abstract constructions are fundamentally different. The continuum between words and sentences should also be interpreted in this way;5) in terms of relations among constructions, it is difficult to distinguish between polysemy links and metaphorical extension links, and the definitions of instance links and subpart links are ambiguous.