哺乳动物毛囊发育及调控研究进展

Research Progress on the Development and Regulation of Mammalian Hair Follicles

毛囊具有高度自我更新能力,是哺乳动物特有的皮肤构造,且是唯一呈终生周期性生长的器官。毛囊的发生始于胚胎期,皮肤上皮层细胞和下胚层细胞间的一系列相互作用诱导形成毛囊,之后毛囊进入周期性循环,包括生长、退行和休止3个阶段。毛囊的发育过程中受到复杂的网络调控。近年来,关于哺乳动物毛囊发育及调控机制的研究取得了较大进展。已有研究表明,毛囊的发生及循环过程中受到多种因子的调控,不同信号通路及miRNA和lncRNA相关基因的参与,构成了一个庞大而又复杂的网络调控图谱,每种调控因子间的相互促进及制约为毛囊的发生及循环提供了必要的保障。文章简述了人、羊及小鼠等哺乳动物毛囊形态发生、周期性循环及相关调控因子的研究进展,为更加全面地了解哺乳动物毛囊发育过程及调控机制提供了参考,同时对人工控制毛绒的周期生长进而提高毛绒产量和质量提供了思路。

The hair follicle is a specific structure of mammalian skin and the organ which has a highly self-renewing ability and grows periodically for the lifetime.The development of hair follicles begins at the embryonic stage,and a series of interactions which are between epidermal and hypodermal cells induce the formation of hair follicles.The follicle will enter the periodic cycle,which contains three stages:Anagen,catagen and telogen,each of which is regulated by complex genetic networks.In recent years,great progresses have been made in the study of mammalian hair follicle development and regulation mechanisms.Some previous studies have shown that the development and circulation of hair follicles regulated by various factors,different signaling pathways and the miRNA,lncRNA and related genes,which constitute a large and complex network map.Mutual promotion and restriction between each control factor provide the necessary guarantee for the development of the hair follicle and cycle.This paper briefly describes the morphogenesis,pe-riodic cycling and related regulatory factors of mammalian hair follicles in humans,sheep and mice in order to improve the comprehensive understanding of mammalian hair follicle development and regulation,and provide a reference and an idea for artificially controlling the cycle growth of the villus to improve the yield and quality of the villus.