鬻熊奠基肇业与熊绎受封立国——商末周初芈楚史论

Yuxiong Laid the Foundation and Started His Business and Xiong Yi Was Feuded and Founded His Country——On the History of Qian and Chu at the End of Shang Dynasty and the Beginning of Zhou Dynasty

商末,僻居南土、励精图治的芈楚之君鬻熊往归西伯,"子事文王",为周人看重。周初封建诸侯,鬻熊曾孙熊绎也承其惠泽得以封立,从而开创周代南方赫赫楚国约800年的历史。清华楚简《楚居》记述自季连至熊狂几代楚先公皆居的京宗,当即《世本·居篇》记载鬻熊所居的丹阳,地望应在丹淅之会的丹水北岸。《史记》记载熊绎所居的楚都丹阳,当即《楚居》记载熊绎徙居的夷屯,地望应在荆雎山间的夷水滨阜。京宗为楚先公所居商代后期方国都邑,地名丹阳。夷屯为熊绎迁建的西周楚国都邑,都号丹阳。熊绎受封当在周公摄政年间,实为周公所封。周公还政成王,因朝臣谮害而亡奔楚国,无疑是相信楚人对他会知恩图报而敬迎礼遇。周公虽被成王请归朝廷,却并非如意,不久病故。接纳周公亡奔的楚子,也在成康之世备受周室歧视而与周日益疏离。楚人筚路蓝缕,艰苦创业,至昭王之世与周反目为敌,挣脱周室管束而走上独立自主的发展道路。