流行性腮腺炎应急接种后免疫效果及影响因素

Analysis of immune effect and influencing factors after emergency inoculation against mumps in Suizhou

目的分析流行性腮腺炎(流腮)暴发后应急接种的免疫效果以及影响因素,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机的方法分别在有应急接种的小学和无应急接种的小学对1～6年级未患流腮的学生进行调查,并检测其血清腮腺炎IgG抗体。结果在应急接种前两所学校调查学生含腮腺炎成分疫苗免疫接种情况差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.906,P=0.086)。11～14岁的学生接种率为24.66%。单因素分析显示不同的学校、不同年龄组、不同免疫接种史和是否应急接种是流行性腮腺炎IgG阳性的影响因素,且随着接种剂次的增加,流行性腮腺炎IgG阳性率增高。多因素Logistic回归分析显示11～14岁组学生是流行性腮腺炎IgG阳性率降低的原因,而接种剂次的增加是人群流行性腮腺炎IgG阳性率升高的重要原因。结论提高含腮腺炎成分疫苗接种率,增加接种剂次,是提高人群腮腺炎抗体水平的有效方法,也是预防流行性腮腺炎疫情暴发的重要举措。

Objective To evaluate the immune effect and influencing factors of emergency vaccinations against mumps and to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies.Methods A stratified randomized method was used to investigate students with mumps in grades 1-6 in primary schools with emergency vaccinations and primary schools without emergency vaccinations,and to detect serum mumps IgG antibodies.A stratified randomized method was used to detect the serum mumps IgG antibody level in students of grades 1-6 at a primary school which had a mumps outbreak and received emergency vaccinations.Another primary school in the same area without emergency vaccinations was selected as the control group.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two schools before the emergency inoculation(χ^2=4.906,P=0.086).The vaccination rate for mumps was 24.66%for students aged 11 to 14 years old.Single factor analysis showed that different schools,different age groups,different immunization history and the emergency vaccinations were mumps IgG positive influence factors.Higher positive rates of mumps IgG were observed as the inoculation times increased.Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that 11-14 years old students were the cause of the decreased IgG positive rate of mumps,and the increase of inoculation times was an important factor contributing to the increased positive rate of mumps IgG.Conclusion Improving the immunization coverage for mumps and increasing inoculation times are effective ways to enhance the antibody level to mumps,and also an important countermeasure to prevent the outbreak of mumps.