明中叶心学《左传》研究中的二趋向——以季本、湛若水为例

Two Trends on Tso Chuen in MING Mid-term——Represented by Jiben and Zhan Ruoshui

明中叶心学在《左传》研究上有季本、湛若水代表的两种倾向,季本发展了王守仁直觉解经的观点,将《春秋》看做孔子脱离旧史的独创,以自己设定的孔子直书标准去取左氏其事其义;湛若水将《春秋》看做旧史的标题,继承《左传》史学义例的部分而排斥其引申字例的部分,在叙事上呈现左氏叙事和义理为本并重的二元倾向。二人以《左传》解经的不同路径是其心学观点的反映。心学在《左传》解经上的分歧体现出,以史解经既是《春秋左传》学发展的方向,同时其自身也需要义理以外的科学方法的更新。

School of mind in MING mid-term has two trends represented by Jiben and Zhanruoshui, the former developed Wangshouren’s idea on intuition in understanding classics, arguing that Spring and fall is Confucius’ original work which Tso Chuen couldn’t understand, the later holds that Spring and fall just is excerpt of old history, Tso Chuen’s explaination from historical aspect is right, Tso Chuen’s narration is same primary as long as Confucius’ idea.The distinction on study of Tso Chuen reflects explaining classics by history not only is the direction of academy of Spring and fall,but also needs update of study methods from scientific aspects without transcendental view.